Women,Work, and Disability

This article describes career development, labor market utilization, occupational and career mobility, achievement, and attainment paths of both women and disabled women as workers.     

Family Photographs: in Treatment and Training

The universal appeal of nostalgia and reminiscence makes photographs a natural instrument for studying the impact of the past upon the present. This paper explores photography as a medium for facilitating reminiscence to discover individual roles, interpersonal relationships, and family dynamics. A method is described for using family photographs in treatment and training of clinicians at a Family Therapy Clinic.     

THE EFFECTS OF REALISTIC PREVIEWS: A STUDY AND DISCUSSION OF THE LITERATURE

The effects of realistic job previews (RJPs) were studied with a sample of 842 candidates for telephone service representative. Two types of preview, a film and job visit, were used. Results showed no significant differences between RJP candidates and control candidates with respect to job acceptance, met expectations, job commitment and turnover. Because the findings were at variance with the conclusions of previous RJP research the data from previous studies were reexamined. Based on pooled data from eleven studies the average effect of RJPs on turnover rate was estimated as six percentage points overall. Neither the type of media used nor the length of time turnover is studied appears to interact with RJP effectiveness. RJPs appear to be more effective with more complex jobs, however. Explanations of RJP effects on turnover have not been consistently supported. Though data are limited, self-selection, met expectations and coping ability do not appear to be impacted by RJPs. There is some evidence that RJPs result in more positive job related attitudes, but the explanation for this is not clear. Difficulties in interpreting job preview research are noted, including insufficient statistical power, differences in organizational roles and the lack of a clear operational definition of realism.     

Career,Marriage, and Family: Values in Adult Roles and Guidance

Use of occupational, marriage, and parenthood values may help young women to distinguish values that can be satisfied in major adult roles and assist in the earlier formation of a vocational identity.     

Psychosocial Identity Development and Cultural Others

Experts in counseling understand that a person's reality is shaped by the culture in which the self is embedded; literature in cultural anthropology, linguistics, and psychology, however, reveals that identity, which is important to acceptance of persons from other cultures, is itself constituted differently depending on the culture of origin. Against the backdrop of American individualism, the cultural relativity of identity and pseudospeciation (false sense of cultural specialness) are explored. This literature grounds prejudice in evolution itself and provides reasons for movement beyond individualism to the more mature form of relational identity that includes cultural others. Implications for counseling are explored. Los expertos en consejería entienden que la cultura en la cual el yo está encajado forma la realidad de una persona; sin embargo, la literatura sobre la antropología cultural, linguística, y psicología revela que la identidad, lo cual es importante para poder aceptar personas de otras culturas, es en sí mismo constituido de una manera diferente según la cultura de origen. Se examina contra un fondo de individualismo americano la relatividad cultural de identidad y pseudoespeciación (el sentido falso de especialidad cultural). Esta literatura basa el prejuicio en evolución y da razones para el cambio mas allá del individualismo a la forma más madura de identidad relational que incluye al “otro” cultural. Se exploran las implicaciones para la consejería.     

The Use of Metaphor to Overcome Inmate Resistance to Mental Health Counseling

Mental health professionals who work with inmates typically encounter resistance to their services. Understanding the processes and purposes of inmate resistance is essential to establishing the rapport needed for counseling to take place. Metaphors, anecdotes, and stories can be used effectively in responding to inmate resistance. Two case examples are included to illustrate these techniques.     

MANAGER COMMUNICATIVE STYLE AND NURSE MORALE

This research project examined questions concerning the effectiveness of female managers using stereotypically masculine or feminine communication management styles. Nurses from three hospitals were surveyed on the perceptions of the communication management style of their superiors and answered self-report questions about their morale and job satisfaction. Employees of female managers who were perceived as managing in a stereotypically feminine style reported significantly greater morale and job satisfaction than did employees whose female managers were perceived as managing in a stereotypically masculine style. Implications are discussed.     

A Curricular Approach to Primary Prevention

This article explores the development and implementation of a curriculum that makes guidance central to education and that focuses on the prevention of personal and interpersonal problems.