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261.
发展性阅读障碍是学习障碍的主要类型之一, 严重影响个体认知、情感与社会适应性的发展。书写与阅读关系密切, 阅读障碍者常常表现出书写加工缺陷。在行为层面, 阅读障碍者书写缺陷表现在书写质量差、速度慢和停顿多等多个方面。在脑机制层面, 脑成像研究发现, 阅读障碍者书写加工缺陷与字形加工脑区活动, 以及字形与运动区脑功能与结构连接异常有关。总体而言, 阅读障碍者书写过程中的字形通达缺陷的证据比较充分, 但字形与运动编码的衔接以及运动执行是否存在困难, 尚缺乏研究证据。相对于字母语言, 书写与阅读的关系在汉语中更为紧密, 汉语阅读障碍的书写研究将为开发汉语特色的诊治方案提供重要指导。 相似文献
262.
Park-Taylor J Ng V Ventura AB Kang AE Morris CR Gilbert T Srivastava D Androsiglio RA 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2008,14(2):128-137
Through semistructured interviews, the authors investigated the relationships between the definition of a "true" American, the impact of 9/11, and the war in Iraq and their impact on experiences of fitting into and being excluded from the American identity with a sample of 10 2nd-generation young adults. Using consensual qualitative research methods (C. E. Hill et al., 2005; C. E. Hill, B. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) the authors identified 6 major domains that described participants' experiences, including physical characteristics of true Americans, behavioral characteristics of true Americans, beliefs and values of true Americans, the impact of 9/11 on definitions of true Americans, participants' American identity, and experiences as 2nd-generation Americans. 相似文献
263.
Reasoning about the disclosure of success and failure to friends among children in the United States and China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Children's reasoning about individuals' willingness to disclose their successes and failures was investigated among 194 6- to 11-year-olds in the United States and China. In Study 1, participants showed a valence-matching effect, in which they predicted that individuals would be more likely to disclose their performance to an audience of friends if the friends' level of achievement was similar rather than dissimilar. This effect was weaker among children from China, who were more likely to justify their responses with reference to the implications for learning together or improving future performance. Results of Study 2 suggest that for children from the United States, the disclosure of successful performance to a friend who has performed poorly is seen as implicitly conveying the message "I'm better than you," whereas for children from China the message is "I can help you to do better." Results are interpreted with reference to cultural values and expectations about helping others to learn. 相似文献
264.
儒家道德形而上学问题探究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
道德形而上学,主要解释了道德的普遍性与必然性的原理,它是道德哲学的基本问题之一.在儒学的构成中,道德问题是贯穿其整个学说的主线,自然也留下了大量关于道德形而上学的系统论述.经历了先秦时期的萌芽,宋明时期的发展,直至近现代的完善,儒家道德形而上学理论生成了自身独具的结构范式.它通过对非感性世界的追问,为人们的道德生活与意义世界提供了源于生命内在自我领悟的终极关怀.它从根本上决定了儒家道德理想、道德原则、道德评价、道德规范、道德序列以及道德修养的内涵. 相似文献
265.
Ezer Kang Claude Ann Mellins Warren Yiu Kee Ng Lisa-Gaye Robinson Elaine J. Abrams 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2008,29(3):699
Perinatal HIV infection in the US continues to evolve from a fatal pediatric illness to a chronic medical condition of childhood and adolescence. Although navigating this period is influenced by multi-leveled deprivations commonly experienced by low-income minority families, HIV alters the timing and experience of developmental milestones for many adolescents with perinatal HIV. This selective review of the growing developmental psychopathology literature and the authors' clinical work at a pediatric HIV program in Harlem, NY provide an overview of how developmental psychopathology offers an integrative framework that elucidates how autonomy, peer relationships, and self-concept evolve among 13–21 year old adolescents. This paper highlights the importance of considering influences of both perinatal HIV and the culture of poverty on adolescent development, and of adopting multilevel interventions and research to address how interactions among biologic, environmental, and HIV-related stressors (serostatus disclosure, medical treatment adherence, illness stigma) influence the development of adolescents with perinatal HIV. 相似文献
266.
康中乾 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2008,3(4):520-534
Seemingly, “independent genesis” refers to the independent existence and changes of each thing, but it is clear that there
cannot be any truly “independent” things at all. Each thing in the world has to stay in connection or relationship with other
things outside itself if it wants to represent its own “independence” and “genesis” in terms of form; and inevitably such
connection or relationship itself has to be embodied in the internal nature of each thing. In the metaphysical thought of
Guo Xiang, the former was known as the quality of “interdependence”; and the latter the characteristics of “quality” or “quality
image.” Such characteristics of “quality” or “quality image” were interdependent, which constituted the essence of each thing
itself as “beingness” and “beinglessness,” and thus resulted in the independent manifestation and change of things in terms
of their external forms. The grasping of essence of things as “beingness” and “beinglessness” depended upon comprehension
or rational intuition, and that was the realm of “profundity” in Guo Xiang’s terms.
Translated by Huang Deyuan from Zhexue Yanjiu 哲哲哲哲 (Philosophical Researches), 2007, (11): 37–43 相似文献
267.
遗传与环境如何交互作用影响儿童青少年的攻击行为是当前攻击研究中的重要前沿课题之一。近年来, 分子遗传学关于人类攻击的研究已拓展到对不同攻击亚类(身体攻击和关系攻击)的遗传基础的探讨。本研究运用问卷法与DNA分型技术, 对1258名儿童进行为时4年(四年级—七年级)的追踪调查, 考察COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为对青少年身体攻击和关系攻击的交互作用以及性别在其中的调节作用。结果发现, COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为仅交互作用于男青少年的身体攻击, 母亲教养行为显著预测GG 基因型男青少年的身体攻击, 但对T等位基因男青少年身体攻击的预测作用并不显著。COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为对青少年关系攻击的交互作用不显著。本研究结果表明, 身体攻击和关系攻击具有不同遗传基础和发生机制。 相似文献
268.
CAO Qingyun 《Frontiers of Philosophy in China》2012,7(4):550
It is controversial whether δ?ναμι? in Metaphysics Book Θ has two distinct senses, one of which is strict, called “power,” and the other is the “more useful sense,” called “potentiality.” This paper argues that there are indeed two senses of δ?ναμι? in Metaphysics Θ, refuting Michael Frede’s “unitarian interpretation.” Distinguished from power, potentiality is neither Aristotelian nature, nor possibility, nor capacity for being, but rather a way of being. This paper examines the ontological meanings and the features of potentiality as a way of being. Basically, potentiality has a dual status, that is, it is being, on the one hand, and not-being on the other. Furthermore, it has a teleological direction toward its correlative actuality, which explains how potentiality ontologically depends on actuality and why actuality is substantially prior to potentiality. 相似文献
269.
270.
This article applies theoretical developments in the phenomena of suicide to shed light on the phenomena of crime. We draw on Durkheim’s theoretical insights on suicide to develop four categories of organizational crimes. We review the concepts of social integration and moral regulation at the societal level and establish their equivalents at the organizational level: socialization and accountability. We argue that socialization programs and accountability systems in organizations influence the nature of the crime rather than prevent it entirely. We highlight four categories of white-collar crimes that occurred in organizations characterized by different socialization programs and accountability systems. 相似文献