Aristotle on the Unity of Composite Substance

Aristotle claims that a sensible substance is composed of form and matter, while he insists that it is a unity in a strict sense. So there is the question—in what sense can a composite thing be a unity? Aristotle’s key solution lies in his account of matter as potentiality and form as actuality. Many scholars are bewildered by his laconic solutions, and there are mainly two approaches undertaken in interpretations. One is called “projective”; the other is called “explanatory.” But neither interpretation is satisfying. The main tasks of this paper are to reexamine the problem and the two interpretations, then to argue that the composition of a sensible substance should be understood in light of its coming-to-be; that its unity refers to its being a functional unity.     

货币·金融危机·新自由主义——关于现代化与当代资本主义的访谈

The current global financial crisis is essentially a credit crisis of currencies. The divorce of the U.S. dollar from Gold Specie Standard makes its issuance under the control of the U.S. government and even risk losing control. When the U.S. dollar becomes the world currency,the U.S government would be able to influence and even control the central banks of other countries through issuing U.S. dollars. However,it may also lead to the credit crisis if there is no sufficient wealth to establish a solid found...     

酒店员工心理压力及影响因素研究

采用自编问卷等测评工具对杭州市两个高星级酒店270名员工进行酒店员工心理压力及影响因素的调查研究。结果表明:(1)酒店员工的年龄变量对心理压力的影响主效应十分显著,总体呈年龄段越低,心理压力越大的趋势。学历与年龄的交互作用对心理压力的影响显著,小学学历的员工高龄段的比低龄段的心理压力更为高些,与其余几个文化段的员工呈不同的趋势。(2)酒店员工的压力反应与其工作属性、职业态度、负性生活事件、社会支持、特质应对方式等因素呈显著相关。员工的消极应对方式和职业态度是影响心理压力的最主要因素。     

PROBLEM BEHAVIOR DURING PREFERENCE ASSESSMENTS: AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS AND PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

Preferences of 2 children with developmental disabilities, whose functional analyses indicated that their problem behavior was maintained by access to tangible items, were assessed using three formats (i.e., paired stimulus [PS], multiple‐stimulus without replacement [MSWO], and free operant [FO]). The experimenter administered each format five times and compared levels of problem behavior across formats in a multielement design. Both participants exhibited problem behavior in PS and MSWO formats but not in the FO format. Results are discussed in terms of recommendations for practitioners.     

Are there limits to collectivism? Culture and children's reasoning about lying to conceal a group transgression

This study explored the effects of collectivism on lying to conceal a group transgression. Seven‐, 9‐, and 11‐year‐old US and Chinese children (N=374) were asked to evaluate stories in which protagonists either lied or told the truth about their group's transgression and were then asked about either the protagonist's motivations or justification for their own evaluations. Previous research suggests that children in collectivist societies such as China find lying for one's group to be more acceptable than do children from individualistic societies such as the United States. The current study provides evidence that this is not always the case: Chinese children in this study viewed lies told to conceal a group's transgressions less favourably than did US children. An examination of children's reasoning about protagonists' motivations for lying indicated that children in both countries focused on an impact to self when discussing motivations for protagonists to lie for their group. Overall, results suggest that children living in collectivist societies do not always focus on the needs of the group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

道教生态思想探微

道教生态思想对解决现代人类面临的生态危机,引导人与自然的和谐完善,有重要的借鉴意义,甚至被人视为指导人类克服当代全球性生态危机的精神支柱。因此,对道教生态智慧进行系统的发掘和梳理,是十分必要的。一、生态伦理的理论前提:万物平等,和谐共处道教认为,由于:“天人一体”即宇宙是由人、生物和非生物共同构成的相互联系、协同进化的和谐整体,以及万物平等,因此,道教不仅反对唯人独尊的人类中心主义,而且反对把自然仅仅当成是人类的征服对象和统治对象的态度,以及只为人类自己的需要而违反自然规律、掠夺自然、危害环境的行为,主张人物…     

应用系统的科学方法研究失重骨丧失的机制

航天飞行的失重环境引起的骨质丧失的机理极其复杂,是多系统,多水平综合作用的结果。应用系统的科学方法来指导失重致骨丧失的具体研究,可以更全面客观地分析问题,促进研究的进展。     

军校学员时间管理倾向与学业成绩的相关研究

本研究采用时间管理倾向(TMD)问卷对265名军校学员进行测试,并与其上学期各门考试课程的平均成绩进行相关分析。结果表明,军校学员的时间管理倾向与其学业成绩存在显著正相关,时间监控观和时间效能感与学业成绩的相关也很显著,但时间价值感对学业成绩的影响并不明显。同时,高时间管理倾向者的学业成绩明显高于低时间管理倾向者。由此本研究认为,时间管理倾向可能是影响军校学员学业成绩的一个重要因素。     

Monolingual but not bilingual infants demonstrate racial bias in social cue use

Bilingualism exerts early and pervasive effects on cognition, observable in infancy. Thus far, investigations of infant bilingual cognition have focused on sensitivity to visual memory, executive function, and linguistic sensitivity. Much less research has focused on how bilingualism impacts processing of social cues. The present study sought to investigate whether bilingualism modulates the expression of one aspect of social processing: early racial bias. Using a gaze‐following paradigm, we investigated whether 18‐ to 20‐month‐old monolingual and bilingual infants favored their own race. Results demonstrated that monolingual infants favored their own race in following a model whose direction of gaze signaled an event. In contrast, bilingual infants demonstrated race‐neutral gaze‐following patterns, relying more heavily on the reliability of the behavior of the model over race. Findings suggest that bilingualism may have protective effects against the early emergence of racial bias.     

药物成瘾者决策缺陷的特征、机制及干预

药物成瘾者存在决策缺陷, 并表现出冲动性、风险寻求、奖赏失调、躯体内感信号缺失等特征。神经影像学研究表明药物滥用导致成瘾者背外侧前额皮层、前扣带回、眶额叶皮层、腹内侧前额皮层、杏仁核、脑岛等脑区受损, 这些损伤是引发其决策缺陷的主要原因。认知训练有利于提高个体的决策能力, 如目标管理训练和正念冥想等可以增强个体工作记忆、促进自我觉察和以目标为导向的行为; 而非侵入性脑刺激则可以直接改变与成瘾者决策相关脑区的激活状态, 从而提升与决策相关的认知功能。总体而言, 未来认知训练和非侵入性脑刺激在成瘾干预方面仍有广阔的拓展空间。