对我国《人体器官移植条例》的伦理审视

《人体器官移植条例》已经颁布实施,人体器官移植是一种公认的涉及敏感伦理问题的外科手术.通过分析《条例》是否充分体现了国际通行的生命/医学伦理原则,研究了人体器官移植进行进一步伦理规范的必要性,提出了人体器官移植应遵循的具体医学伦理原则.特别强调了其中的"公正"实体原则和"伦理审查"程序原则.     

20世纪二三十年代中国哲学史研究模式述论

20世纪二三十年代,中国哲学史学科形成并初步发展。从中西交流和互动的视角看,此时的中国哲学史大致存在四种研究模式:以胡适和冯友兰为代表的西方化研究模式,以钟泰为代表的中国化研究模式,以梁启超、张岱年为代表的中西结合的研究模式和以李石岑、范寿康为代表的初级马克思主义研究模式。而这种研究模式的多元化情境在其后并没有保持下去,所以我们倡导它在当今的再现。西方化研究模式强调近现代转型的“世界化”,从而在某种程度上造成了历史的变异性;中国化研究模式则重视“还原”传统民族性征,从而保持了历史的延续性。而中国哲学史的研究应该是在“世界化”和“还原化”的互动中前进的。所以,西方化和中国化的研究模式仍有继续存在的合理性,但由于二者都失之偏颇,因此中西结合的研究模式将会处于主导地位。     

藏传佛教造像量度经

藏传佛教美术发展历史悠久、源远流长,它不仅有独自发祥孕育,发展演绎,成形定性的清晰脉络和事物迹象,并以其自成体系的精湛技艺及其造型经典理论,从一个侧面构建着中华民族美术、尤其是东方美术的典型实体。藏传佛教造像的庄严妙好,基本上依赖于其严格的型制量度经典的延续承传,故“三经一疏”经典是使藏传佛教美术乃至藏民族传统美术的民族性、宗教性、地域性、历史性、审美性得以确立的重要因素。也是使藏族绘画、雕塑、建筑、书法、工艺美术诸方面构成实体性文化层、艺术高度和有机组成部分的基本法度。本文就藏传佛教美术造型量度的纲领性理论经典“三经一疏”:即《佛说造像量度经》、《造像量度经》、《画相》和《佛说造像量度经疏》的量度法则作了简要论述。     

Disembodiment in online social interaction: impact of online chat on social support and psychosocial well-being.

This study investigates how disembodiment--that is, transcendence of body constraints in cyberspace--in online chat affects social psychological well-being. The results demonstrate that disembodiment is a strong predictor of increased loneliness and depression, and decreased social support. However, the amount of chat use is a positive contributor to decreased offline estrangement and depression, and increased happiness. These contrasting results suggest that online chat use is a technology for social connection used for offline connectivity, but the disembodiment motive is associated with declines in social support and psychosocial well-being. The investigation of specified motives for online interaction, personal competency, or advanced technological alternatives in interaction is suggested for future research on the effects of online interaction on offline outcomes.     

性别发展的生物学取向研究述评

当前解释性别发展的理论主要有三种取向：生物学取向、社会化取向、认知取向。近年来,生物学取向日益受到关注并得到认可和接受。解释性别发展的生物学取向研究主要分为两种视角,即进化心理学和进化发展心理学、跨物种比较等远端进化解释,以及行为遗传学研究、染色体异常研究、荷尔蒙研究、大脑结构和功能研究等近端解释。本文总结阐述了这些生物学因素对性别发展的具体影响,并指出了进化心理学研究、行为遗传学研究、荷尔蒙研究、大脑结构和功能的脑成像研究在研究内容、研究方法与技术方面存在的问题,并据此展望未来研究的前景。     

灾难中的心理危机干预——精神病学的视角

灾难事件是一种特殊类型的生活事件,因其超出个体应对能力,因此灾难事件后常并发一系列的精神卫生问题。急性应激障碍、创伤后应激障碍、抑郁症、自杀是灾后常见精神卫生问题。本文回顾了近年来灾难事件相关精神障碍的研究,并总结了去年发生在我国的两次重大灾难性事件的相关研究结果,从精神病学视角对灾难事件后心理危机干预策略进行了探讨。     

新中国60年公民道德教育的研究与反思

新中国成立后,我国公民道德教育的研究主要反映在四个主题与三个问题探索上.这四个主题是:关于公民道德教育的渊源与相关核心概念的界定;公民道德教育的理念研究;公民道德教育的实施研究;国外公民道德教育的理论与实践及其启示.三个争鸣与思索的主要问题是:公民道德教育是平民教育还是圣贤教育,如何实现与中国传统儒家"学为圣贤"道德教育思想相融通;公民道德教育是国家的还是世界的,那么在全球化背景下,如何实施公民道德教育;公民社会既然是公共生活领域理性化的价值生态,公民道德教育在方法择取上,如何处理好理性化教育模式与情感化教育模式之间的关系.     

心肌保护新靶点——线粒体钙激活钾通道研究进展

心肌缺血再灌注损伤与线粒体有密切的关系。其中,位于线粒体的钾通道受到了人们的广泛关注。除了已被许多研究证明的线粒体ATP敏感钾通道参与心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用外,近年来研究发现的线粒体内膜钙激活钾通道也参与心肌保护作用,而国内相关研究报道很少。本文拟就心肌细胞线粒体上的钙激活钾通道结构、生物学特性和心脏缺血再灌注中的心肌保护作用进行简要阐述。     

Framing Charity Advertising: Influences of Message Framing,Image Valence,and Temporal Framing on a Charitable Appeal1

This study examined when and how charitable advertisements could be effective in the context of child poverty. An experiment investigated the influences of message framing, image valence, and temporal framing on a charitable appeal. The results indicate that image valence enhances framing effects on advertising effectiveness of a charitable appeal when the image is congruent with the framed message, especially when the image and the message are presented negatively. A short‐term temporal frame facilitates effects of a negatively framed message with a negative pictorial presentation. Alternatively, a long‐term temporal frame increases advertising influences of a positively framed message with a positive pictorial image. Relevance for information processing of charity advertising is discussed.     

Rasch calibration of a unidimensional perfectionism inventory for sport

ObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to generate and calibrate a unidimensional sports perfectionism scale for competitive athletes using the Rasch model, and validate the scale through the convergent and known-difference validity approach.MethodThe instrument, called the Sport Perfectionism Scale (SPS), was administered to 323 undergraduate students at a university in the southeastern U.S., ranging in age from 17 to 44 yrs, who previously competed on their high school team or currently compete at the intercollegiate level.ResultsUsing the Rasch model, the level of item difficulty (i.e., most and least difficult) and the athlete's level (i.e., intensity) of perfectionism were estimated. Model-data fit was determined by Infit and Outfit statistics (≥0.5 and ≤1.5). With the exception of one item, the model fits the data well. Rasch analysis supported the measure of perfectionism in sport as a unidimensional construct. Data from the SPS were positively related with those from Stoeber, Otto, Pescheck, Becker, and Stoll's ([2007]. Perfectionism and competitive anxiety in athletes: differentiating striving for perfection and negative reactions to imperfection. Personality and Individual Differences, 42, 959–969.) Perfectionism During Competitions measure (r = 0.63), and there was a significant difference in athlete's perfectionism between levels of competition, F (3, 314) = 5.21, p = 0.002, partial eta-squared, 0.05. This result supports convergent and known-difference evidence of validity for the SPS.ConclusionsThese results lend credence to using the Rasch model as a unique approach to validate evidence of perfectionism as a unidimensional construct in competitive sport.