When self-help materials help: Examining the effects of self-discrepancy and modes of delivery of positive self-statements

Self-help materials inculcating individuals with positive self-statements are popular in recent years, although the effectiveness of such self-statements on improving individuals’ psychological well-being has not yet been confirmed. Using a control-group pre-test/post-test design, we examined how positive self-statements may or may not benefit individuals’ mood. Individual characteristics and modes of delivery were found to moderate mood changes resulting from positive self-statements. Specifically, we found that participants experienced negative mood change after reading positive self-statements, if they have low level of need satisfaction. However, we also found that participants experienced a mood boost after listening to positive self-statements, and this effect was unrelated to self-esteem or need satisfaction. These findings suggest that self-help materials with a focus on positive self-statements should be used with caution.     

镜像等效或守恒及其打破：从行为到认知神经机制的研究证据

镜像等效或守恒是动物与人类个体对两侧对称自然物体的一种进化自适应加工。但是, 这种知觉特性会妨碍包含镜像字符的文字阅读学习。阅读者有必要学会利用镜像泛化抑制的“去学习”机制, 打破镜像等效或守恒, 以获得识别镜像字符的能力。这一过程中, 左侧梭状回皮层通过与早期视觉皮层、顶叶皮层和口语脑网络的交互作用, 逐渐发展出一个可以识别镜像字符的视觉词形区(visual word form area, VWFA)。今后的研究需要关注两半球及其连合纤维在镜像等效或守恒加工中的作用、镜像泛化与抑制的详尽加工机制及其对镜像书写的影响、正常汉语儿童的汉字镜像泛化加工等问题。     

睾丸Sertoli细胞构建人工免疫赦免区的研究启示

异源胰岛细胞移植中免疫排斥的问题一直是制约胰岛移植成功运用于临床的主要障碍。最近有研究表明,睾丸Sertoli细胞能够表达有效诱导免疫排斥细胞凋亡的Fas配体。因此,通过人工方式为异休移植细胞构建一个类似的局部免疫赦免微环境将成为可能。     

论寿命学：1．成熟与成就

从寿命研究的历史轨迹和令人瞩目的成就着重论述了寿命学已经发展成熟,成为独立的学术体系并进一步从寿命进化的历程中探讨寿命形成的原因,指出氧的决定性作用,为提高生命质量,延长寿命提供科学依据。     

论寿命学：2．梦想与现实

以人类最大寿命的相对有限性为基础,论述现阶段延长人类寿命面临的问题以及人类最大寿限演化的远景并着重指出依靠现行医疗模式延寿潜力的有限性以及改变医疗保健观念与运行体系的必要性。     

变亦变,不变亦变--论中医学发展大势

本期转载了上海中医药杂志 1999年第 5期发表的上海医科大学华山医院蔡定芳的“变亦变 ,不变亦变”的文章。同时发表了何裕民针对此文发表后所引起的争议而撰写的文章。此类文章本刊也曾发表过 ,如孙学刚的“科学划界与中医”等。旨在通过发表不同的学术观点 ,以活跃学术气氛 ,促进中医学科建设 ,提高中医学术水平 ,拓宽中医生存的空间。欢迎大家参加讨论中国传统医学曾经为中华民族的医疗保健作出了极其重要的贡献。但是随着鸦片战争的隆隆炮声 ,西方医学开始以如潮之势涌入中国 ,中医学在与西方医学交流中逐渐暴露出明显的劣势 ,很快从主…     

The Interpersonal Basis of Stereotype-Relevant Self-Views

ABSTRACT Recent research examining the interpersonal basis of self-stereotyping is considered from the perspective of Cognitive–Affective Personality System (CAPS) theory. The reviewed work shows that individuals tend to see themselves in a stereotypic manner when interacting with someone who engenders affiliative motivation and is thought to hold stereotypic views of their group. Evidence suggesting that this context-dependent self-stereotyping is extended temporally through future psychologically similar interactions and the invocation of significant others thought to endorse stereotypes is also discussed. These findings and the theoretical framework that stimulated them strongly resonate with the notion of if … then contingencies of the self articulated in CAPS theory. The implications of each viewpoint for the other are discussed.     

听美国和墨西哥专家讨论甲型H1N1流感

本文系作者2009年5月参加美国胸科年会时的见闻总结,简述了与会美国和墨西哥专家对本次甲型H1N1流感疫情的观点和看法,主要介绍了当时情况下甲型H1N1流感的严重程度、合并症情况、发展趋势、重症患者增加的应对措施以及病毒学研究进展。     

阈下抑郁的研究概述

近年来,临床心理学家们越来越关注阈下抑郁对重性抑郁症的预测作用.阁下抑郁虽然没有达到诊断标准的阈值,但是在普通人群中非常普遍,会降低这些人的生活质量,增加患抑郁症的危险.从阈下抑郁的定义及发病率、对阈下抑郁的评估、与重性抑郁症和其它精神疾病的关系等方面做一综述,并对该领域研究存在的问题和将来的研究方向进行了讨论.     

老年人依恋对主观幸福感的影响:孤独感与自尊的中介作用

采用亲密关系经历量表（ECR）、UCLA孤独量表、罗森伯格自尊量表和纽芬兰纪念大学幸福感量表（MUNSH）对311名老年人进行调查,探讨老年人依恋对主观幸福感的影响,以及孤独感和自尊的中介作用。结果发现：（1）孤独感在依恋焦虑对主观幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用,孤独感在依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中起完全中介作用;自尊在依恋焦虑、依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中不起中介作用;（2）孤独感、自尊在依恋焦虑、依恋回避对主观幸福感的影响中起链式中介作用。