Influence of the initial projection of the centre of gravity on posturo-kinetic coordination in humans. Application from a horizontal quadrupedal stance during voluntary limb raising

The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of initial projection of the centre of gravity (CG) on the spatial and temporal organization of the dynamic phenomena accompanying a voluntary movement in humans. From a horizontal quadrupedal stance, ten normal subjects were instructed to raise the right forelimb towards a support target in self paced velocity conditions. Three experimental conditions were tested for which the initial CG projection was either within (C1), at the limits of (C2) or outside the supporting triangle (C3). The results showed that vertical force variations on the four supports always preceded the first vertical displacement of the right wrist (onset of the movement). From C1 to C3, the duration of these anticipatory dynamic phenomena increased enabling an adjustment of the CG position such that equilibrium constraints were fulfilled. For all conditions, the acceleration peak of the CG occurred prior to the onset of movement and from C1 to C3, its magnitude increased in a single direction of the horizontal plane. For each condition, the load transfer was directed to the left forelimb and the right hindlimb (diagonal strategy) and reached a maximal value at the time of lift-off. With respect to this moment, the onset of the movement occurred increasingly early from C1 to C3. These results suggest that contribution of peripheral cues to postural control is more important, when the requirements of horizontal CG displacement increase.     

对人的尊严的挑战——试论P.辛格的优先权——实利主义

一个社会对其成员重视和承认的程度,首先表现为这个社会如何对待其成员中的弱者和受歧视的人。而在每个社会遭受歧视的人中,无疑也包括那些由于先天或后天的缘故患有精神上或肉体上的疾病而需要特别照顾的人。1989年以来,首先是这一社会群体的代言人,对他们的遭遇提出了强烈的抗议。而他们的抗议,又引发了德国舆论界对澳大利亚哲学家彼得·辛格的关注。特别是辛格关于可以对残疾人(既包括先天不足的婴儿,也包括老年人)施行强制性安乐死的论述,点燃了论战的烽火,更激起了一部分人的强烈抗议。残疾人的代盲人指出,辛格的“实用伦理学”不仅是对“残疾人”,而且从根本上讲是对人的错误认识。     

外向性格、场独立性及认知作业的操作

 取120名12岁儿童作被试.(a)调查外向性格、神经过敏症及场独立性之间的关系.(b)调查外向性格和场依存性对两个认知作业(推理和回忆散文)的影响.(c)研究人格特点和言语——表象学习方式之间的关系.     

The development of the Telic Dominance Scale

The development of a 42-item measure of a number of personality features derived from the theory of psychological reversals is reported. These personality features are (a) the extent to which a person is serious-minded, (b) the extent to which a person plans ahead and organizes himself in the pursuit of goals, and (c) the extent to which a person seeks to avoid arousal. These features together are seen to constitute a personality trait which is described as telic dominance. Data concerning the test-retest reliability, criterion-related and construct validity of the Telic Dominance Scale are presented, together with the scale and scoring key.     

法兰克福哲学-社会学学派基本思想的历史发展

在六十年代,资本主义用以攻击马克思列宁主义的新手法,特别清楚地表现在所谓“新左派”运动这种独特的左倾机会主义思想体系中。这种运动在1968年法国五一六月事件中表现得最为明显。在此之前不久,它也表现在六十年代左翼学生运动中,这个运动开始于美国、后来波及西欧许多资本主义国家,还传播到日本。对六十年代思想斗争所作的分析令人信服地证明,这种左倾机会主义的主要思想根源之一,就是所     

哲学的实践

哲学的功用问题,一经深究,便显得非常困难了。它包括许许多多重要而详尽的课题,需要从意识形态、方法论和历史上去作具体的阐述。“功用”(function)这个词,源于拉丁文“functio”,主要是指活动、作业、任务和位置的意思。因此,它包含很广泛的一类问题,在这篇文章中,只讨论社会意识那些最普遍的形式。正因为如此,我现在至多只能提出我自己     

关于制定唯物辩证法

在当前,世界观科学,尤其是我们世界观的核心——马克思列宁主义哲学的作用正在急剧地增长。马克思列宁主义哲学是工具,党借助于它影响我们的思想意识、引导我们沿着建设共产主义社会的道路前进,引导我们和敌对思潮进行斗争。在马克思列宁主义哲学中辩证唯物主义是主要的,这是列宁多次强调过的。同时,列宁也指出,辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义是不可分割的。因为历史唯物主义是哲学唯物主义的继续,是哲学唯物主义在社会领域的彻底运用。列宁在辩证法是马克思列宁主义的灵魂这一著名原理中表述了这个思想。我们