Autobiographical memory and perceptual learning: A developmental study using picture recognition,naming latency,and perceptual identification

Memory &; Cognition - In this paper, we report four experiments aimed at extending the distinction between recognition memory and perceptual memory introduced by Jacoby and Dallas (1981). In...     

Book Reviews

Religions sans Frontières? Present and Future Trends of Migration, Culture and Communication Roberto Cipriani, ed., for the Research Committee “Sociology of Religion”; of the International Sociological Association, Rome, Presidenza del Consiglio del Ministri, Dipartimento Per L'Informazione e L'Editoria, 1994 384 pp. no ISBN on book

Worldviews in Transition: An Investigation into the New Age Movement in South Africa Chrissie Steyn, 1994 Pretoria: University of South Africa (Studia Originalia 22) xvi + 367 pp., R79.00 or £14.86 (+ p&p) ISBN 0–86981–845–7

Women and Missions: Past and Present. Anthropological and Historical Perceptions Fiona Bowie, Deborah Kirkwood & Shirley Ardener, eds, 1995 Berg: Providence/Oxford xx + 279 pp., plates, £14.95 ISBN 9–780854968725

Syncretism/Anti‐Syncretism: The Politics of Religious Synthesis Charles Stewart & Rosalind Shaw, eds., 1994 London: Routledge 215 pp., £37.50 (hb), £12.99 (pb) ISBN 0–415–11117‐X.

Beyond the Basilica: Christians and Muslims in Nazareth Chad F. Emmett, 1995 Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press xix + 303 pp., £17.50 US$22.00 pb, ISBN 0–226–20711–0

Islamic Britain: Religion, Politics and Jolentity among British Muslims Phillip Lewis, 1994 London: I. B. Tauris & Co. 250 pp., £11.95 ISBN 1–85043–861–7

Religion & Revelation: A Theology of Revelation in the World's Religions Keith Ward, 1994 Oxford: Clarendon Press 350 pp., £40 hb, £13.95 pb ISBN 0–19–826466–6 & 826375–9

Religiöser Pluralismus oder christliches Abendland? Herausforderung an Kirche und Gesellschaft Reinhart Hummel, 1994 Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft 223 pp., DM39.80, FR40.80, ÖS311.00 ISBN 3–534–11717–4

A Short History of Judaism Lavinia & Dan Cohn‐Sherbok, 1994 Oxford: Oneworld Publications viii +148 pp., £5.95 ISBN 1–85168–069–1

Unforgotten Fragments Beryl Pogson & Others, compiled by Lewis Creed, 1994 York: Quacks Books 352 pp., £15.95 ISBN 0–948333–29–4

Centenary Fragments Beryl Pogson & Others, compiled by Lewis Creed, 1994 York: Quacks Books 379 pp., £15.95 ISBN 0–948333–36–7

A Plain Guide to Bible Theology: A Realistic Approach L. G. Hardinge, 1993 Swansea: Abertawe Desktop (OR: L G Publication, 1994) 217 pp., £10.50 (pb) ISBN 0–9524013     

When a bystander becomes an accomplice: Situational determinants of reactions to dishonesty

In a series of experiments, undergraduates (N = 288) performed a task with a confederate who subsequently lied about his or her performance in order to obtain a cash bonus. The probability of bystanders' reporting the dishonesty and refusing to sign a document attesting to the confederate's score was differentially affected by situational factors and sex of the bystander, wrongdoer, and authority figure. Bystanders were most apt to report the misdeed when they were competing against rather than working either independently or cooperatively with the culprit, at least when the bonus was provided by a large corporation. In addition, females were more likely than males to report when the victim was another person rather than either a corporation or the bystander himself, and both sexes were more apt to report a female wrongdoer than a male one. Persons who initially reported the misdeed were less likely to become active accomplices than were those who failed to report it. Furthermore, less written verification of the falsehood occurred when (a) nonreporters were performing independently rather than either competing against or working cooperatively with the culprit for the bonus, and (b) a male was in an immediate position of authority.     

Individual Differences in Affective,Evaluative, and Behavioral Responses to an Erotic Film1

The current research sought to replicate and explore further unexpected pilot data indicating that negative reactions to filmed erotica may be associated with post-exposure increases in sexual activity. Subjects (31 males, 31 females) viewed an erotic film; background variables, affective, evaluative, and sexual-behavioral responses were assessed. Compared to individuals who evaluated the film as relatively nonpornographic, those who rated it as pornographic reported more restrictive sexual socialization experiences and more negative attitudes towards sex, responded to the film with more negative affect, and showed greater increases in sexual activity subsequent to exposure (all p <.05). Additional analyses provided some evidence that evaluations mediated behavioral responses to the stimulus. Cognitive labeling, transfer of arousal, and disinhibition considerations which may account for the relationship between responses to erotica and post-exposure sexual activity were discussed.     

A Plumber's friend in need is a Plumber's friend indeed

In response to the critique of Gaes, Quigley-Fernandez, and Tedeschi (Journal of Research in Personality, 1978, 12, 189–192) it was acknowledged that the cell Ns were incorrect as originally reported, and the weakness of a postexperimental division of subjects was reaffirmed. Emphasis was placed on the comparability of a simple rating scale and an elaborate bogus pipeline in measuring attraction. The need for determining the way in which the bogus pipeline functions prior to its uncritical adoption in any given experimental situation was stressed as a point of agreement.     

How high school students view women: The relationship between perceived attractiveness,occupation, and education

The proportion of women seeking advanced degrees in the sciences and engineering was no greater in the 1970s than it was in the 1920s. This study seeks to determine if the stereotype of an unattractive professional woman is a factor in dissuading young women from pursuing careers in these fields. Twenty slides of women were rated by 301 male and female high school students for attractiveness, occupation, and educational background. There was a positive correlation, significant at the .001 level, between women perceived to have taken traditionally masculine courses, those perceived to have careers in professions generally viewed as masculine, and those perceived to be more physically attractive. The formerly held stereotype of the studious, career-oriented girl who is unattractive appears to be changing and should not discourage high school girls from seeking academic excellence.