市民社会与中国慈善组织的发育

本文把慈善组织的发育置于社会结构转型和社会福利制度改革的背景之下,探讨了市民社会与中国慈善组织发育之间的关系,认为慈善组织的发育是中国市民社会成长的重要标志。但在当前市民社会发育不足的背景下,在构建以政府责任为主、以社会化服务为辅的社会福利体制改革的过程中,慈善组织的发育受制于政府自上而下的推动,政府应当在慈善立法、弘扬慈善文化、组织管理和财政支持等方面发挥作用。     

中小学生考试成败归因的研究

从小三、初二、高二随机选择有效被试４１０名,探讨了中小学生对考试结果的归因、期望和情感反应的特点。结果发现：（１）中小学生对考试成败原因有不同的认知,年级差异显著,性别差异不显著。（２）失败后的期望显著地高于成功情境,且极显著地认为失败的结果能改变。（３）成功后学生主要产生了感激、自豪与欣慰,失败后主要产生了内疚;成功后的情感反应更强烈。     

Big Five Personality Factors and Facets as Predictors of Openness to Diversity

Openness to diversity is a crucial component of cultural competence needed in the increasingly diversified modern society and a necessary condition for benefitting from diversity contacts and interventions (e.g., diversity training, cultural courses). Responding to the recent call for more research on personality and its relation to diversity outcomes, we examined the associations between Big Five personality (i.e., Openness to Experience, Agreeableness, Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness) higher order factors and lower order facets and universal-diverse orientation (i.e., open attitude of appreciating human universality and diversity; Miville et al., 1999 Miville, M. L., Gelso, C. J., Pannu, R., Liu, W., Touradji, P., &; Holloway, P. (1999). Appreciating similarities and valuing differences: The Miville-Guzman universality-diversity scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 46, 291–307.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]). In the Study 1 (N = 338) web survey on Big Five factors, Openness to Experience and Agreeableness were associated with universal-diverse orientation significantly. In the Study 2 (N = 176) paper survey on both Big Five factors and facets, Openness to Experience, low Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness, and various lower-order facets of all the Big Five personality were associated with universal-diverse orientation significantly. Practical implications were suggested on how personality facets could be incorporated into current diversity interventions to enhance their effectiveness of promoting openness to diversity.     

群际接触对外群体信任的影响:内群体认同的中介效应

目的:探讨内群体认同在群际接触对外群体信任的中介效应。方法:采用内群体认同量表、群际接触量表和外群体信任量表,对570名大学生进行测量,运用SPSS13.0、Amos22.0对数据进行统计分析。结果:内群体认同作为中介变量,群体接触通过内群体认同对外群体信任的具有稳定的间接作用。     

大学生智力与认知风格对内隐序列学习的影响

以41名大学生为被试,探讨智力因素和认知风格对内隐序列学习的影响。采用联合型瑞文推理测验和镶嵌图形测验分别测试智力水平和认知风格类型。用序列反应时任务测试内隐学习绩效,并以生成任务验证序列学习的内隐性。研究结果发现不同智力水平大学生的内隐学习绩效无显著差异;场依存型个体的内隐学习绩效显著高于场独立型个体。     

Attachment experience and cortisol recovery from romantic conflict among young Chinese couples: A dyadic analysis

Using a sample of young adults, the present study investigated how the participants' attachment to romantic partners was related to that with their parents and peers and how this specific attachment experience was associated with their physiological stress response. We examined 121 pairs of young Chinese (N = 242) heterosexual couples (men's age: 22.26 ± 2.40; women's age: 21.62 ± 2.22) and their attachment to parents, peers, and romantic partners as well as their cortisol recovery from romantic conflict. Robust actor–partner interdependence mediation models showed that women's insecure parental and peer attachment was associated with blunted cortisol recovery from romantic stress through their fearful attachment with romantic partners, whereas men's insecure parental and peer attachment was associated with their partners' adaptive cortisol recovery from romantic stress through their fearful romantic attachment. These findings suggested that women's hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal-axis functioning seemed to be more strongly associated with their own and their partners' attachment relationships compared to men.     

中年Ⅱ型糖尿病人记忆损伤特点

本研究主要探讨中年Ⅱ型糖尿病人的记忆损伤特征。研究选取病人和对照各30人,控制年龄(65岁以下。病人组平均53岁,正常组52岁)、教育水平和相关疾病等因素。测试数字符号、数字工作记忆广度、动作记忆和无意义图形再认4项认知任务。结果发现：(1)病人组数字符号测试显著低于正常组;(2)在支持性条件记忆自由回忆中,病人组在有动作演练的高语义关联和无动作演练的低语义关联项目上显著低于对照组。出现分离现象;(3)在线索回忆中,病人组与对照组差异不显著;(4)两组数字工作记忆广度、无意义图形再认的成绩无差异。根据SPT(subject—performed task)研究理论对结果进行了分析,得出结论：中年Ⅱ型糖尿病人记忆的一般性信息加工能力未表现出受损,但特异信息加工受到损伤,并可能预测随年龄及病程进行而表现出一般性信息加工能力受损。     

The usefulness of the story recall test in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease

ABSTRACT

Background: The story recall test (SRT) is one of the most reliable neuropsychological assessments for evaluating verbal memory function in order to distinguish between individuals with normal aging, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The SRT is analogous to the logical memory test in Wechsler Memory Scale-III, which has recently been developed and standardized to apply to older adults in Korea. The purpose of this study was to examine the usefulness of the SRT and its ability to discriminate between normal cognitive aging and patients with MCI or AD. Methods: One hundred and twelve patients with MCI, 97 patients with AD, and 53 healthy elderly adults participated in this study. The SRT was compared with the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR), Global Deterioration Scale (GDS), Korean version of the Mini Mental State Examination (K-MMSE), and the Korean version of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (K-HVLT). Results: The SRT was well-correlated with the dementia rating scales and the K-HVLT. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the SRT was greatly influenced by the level of education of the subjects. Conclusions: The SRT is a sensitive measurement of verbal memory function that can be used in clinical settings to discriminate between normal memory functioning and the very early and moderate stages of AD in a Korean population. Moreover, it is important to recognize that the SRT is more appropriate for subjects with a high level of education rather than a low level of education to differentiate normal cognitive aging from MCI or AD.     

P16、CyclinDl和CDK4在结直肠癌组织中表达及意义

细胞周期过程中癌基因的激活与抑癌基因的失活等是造成细胞恶性增殖、转化的重要因素。细胞周期G1／S期各调节因子的异常改变与细胞癌变关系尤为密切。P16、CyclinDl和CDK4均为重要的细胞周期调控蛋白,任何原因导致这些蛋白异常表达时,将引起细胞周期调节失控,导致肿瘤的发生和恶性演进。结直肠癌的发生发展同上述三者关系密切。本实验通过免疫组化方法进行检测结直肠癌组织中P16、CyclinDl和CDK4三者的表达及其与结直肠癌临床指标的关系,为揭示三者在结直肠癌发生发展中的作用提供一定的实验依据。