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281.
282.
Vicki Bruce Elias Hanna Neal Dench Pat Healey Mike Burton 《Applied cognitive psychology》1992,6(7):619-628
Previous research (Davies, Ellis and Shepherd, 1978; Rhodes, Brennan and Carey, 1987) has shown that accurate line drawings of familiar faces are identified rather poorly. However, artists can produce lifelike portraits with pen and ink, and Pearson and Robinson (1985) described an automatic method for producing computer-drawn sketches (‘cartoons’) of faces which appear very similar to those produced by a human artist. In this paper we show that subjects can identify famous faces depicted in such computer-drawn ‘cartoons’ almost as well as full grey-scale images. The cartoon algorithm comprises two components. One component draws lines at the locations of intensity changes corresponding to luminance valleys and edges (the ‘valledge’ detector). The other component applies a ‘threshold’ to the original intensity distribution, and replaces any area darker than threshold with black. Thus the full cartoon contains both ‘line’ and ‘mass’. Neither the valledges nor the threshold components alone were as well identified as full cartoons containing both components. The results suggest that the addition of the threshold component adds significantly to the identifiability of line drawings of faces. 相似文献
283.
Repetition priming is defined as a gain in item recognition after previous exposure. Repetition priming of face recognition has been shown to last for several months, despite contamination by everyday exposure to both experimental and control faces in the interval. Here we show that gains in face recognition in the laboratory are found from faces initially seen in a rather different context— on subject recruitment posters, even when the advertisements make no specific mention of experiments involving face recognition. The priming was greatest when identical pictures were shown in the posters and in the test phase, although different views of faces did give significant priming in one study. Follow-up studies revealed poor explicit memory for the faces shown on the posters. The results of these experiments are used to develop a model in which repetition priming reflects the process of updating representations of familiar faces. 相似文献
284.
Abigail B. Sivan Ph.D. George A. Fitchett D. Min Laurel A. Burton Th. D. 《Journal of religion and health》1996,35(1):11-19
Earlier research suggested that persons in a community with significant psychiatric disorders seek relief from their clergy
as often as from trained mental-health professionals. In this research, contacts with clergy about current hospitalization
by matched samples of inpatient psychiatric (N=51) and medical/surgical (N=50) patients were compared, as were responses to
structured interviews about the importance of religion, religious affiliation, and participation, spiritual needs, and spiritual
well-being. The findings suggest that the two groups were similar in demographics, the degree to which religion was a source
of strength and comfort in their lives, and percentages reporting as having a clergy person; the group of hospitalized psychiatric
patients was significantly less likely, however, than the sample of medical/surgical patients to have discussed their current
hospitalization with their clergy persons. Possible causes for this difference as well as areas of further research are discussed. 相似文献
285.
Claudia Carello Marie-Vee Santana Gregory Burton 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1996,58(8):1177-1190
Perceiving the length of a rod by dynamic touch is tied to the inertia tensorIij, a quantification of its resistance to rotational acceleration. Perception of the portion extending in front of the grasp has previously been ascribed to decomposing one component ofIij by attention. The tensorial nature of dynamic touch suggests that this ability must be anchored wholly in the tensor. Three experiments show that perceived partial length is a function of two components of the tensor, one tied primarily to magnitude and the other tied primarily to direction, whereas perceived whole length is a function of a magnitude component alone. Dynamic touch is characterized in terms of a haptic perceptual instrument that softly assembles to exploitIij differently depending on the intention, producing 1:1 maps that are appropriately scaled for each intention. 相似文献
286.
Nilly Adam Burton S. Rosner Elizabeth C. Hosick Donald L. Clark 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1971,10(3):133-136
Ss produced time intervals before and during inhalation of low concentrations of anesthetic gases. The drugs increased time productions by raising the slope of the line representing produced against objective time. Alterations in time production were not accompanied by consistent changes in alpha rhythm, respiratory rate, heart rate, or body temperature. The findings argue against the’ alpha rhythm’s acting as the biological pendulum for the internal clock. 相似文献
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289.
The purpose of this study was to compare the reasons why young adults skip and hop and when they last skipped and hopped. Retrospective data collected from 664 undergraduate students showed that the most common explanation for skipping was related to affect (54%), but the most common explanations for hopping were more functional. No significant differences appeared in the time frames of the participants' last remembered bout of skipping or hopping, although significantly more failed to remember the last time they hopped than the last time they skipped. 相似文献
290.
Selective spatial attention has a greater effect on detection of the absence of an amplitude change than it has on detection of the presence of such a change. Attention to one of four fingertips was manipulated by an 80% valid tactile cue in two-interval forced-choice tasks. In one task, the target was a vibrotactile amplitude change appearing among constant-amplitude distractors; in the other task, targets of constant amplitude had to be detected amid amplitude changes at the other fingertips. Cuing had a greater effect on the latter task than it did on the former. This asymmetry is consistent with the presence-absence asymmetry found in visual search and does not depend on the difficulty of the two tasks. A statistical model shows that a pooled activity mechanism could account for these experimental results. 相似文献