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891.
Cynthia J. Archer 《Sex roles》1984,10(1-2):1-10
Kindergarten, fifth-grade, and eleventh-grade participants from a working-class community were presented with a questionnaire of 44 adult occupations and activities. They indicated for each occupation who they thought should do the job: male, female, or either one. They also stated their own future occupational goals. Liberality, defined as the number of either responses, increased with age. There was a significant sex difference in the kindergarten, with the females more liberal than the males, but not in the other grade levels. Females named as many different potential adult occupations for themselves as did males. Males and females tended to name occupations traditionally considered appropriate for their own sex, with some tendency for females to also name traditional male occupations. 相似文献
892.
Ricardo Eiraldi Jennifer A. Mautone Muniya S. Khanna Thomas J. Power Andrew Orapallo Jaclyn Cacia Billie S. Schwartz Barry McCurdy Jacqueline Keiffer Cynthia Paidipati Rebecca Kanine Manju Abraham Shelby Tulio Lauren Swift Shannon N. Bressler Beatriz Cabello Abbas F. Jawad 《Behavior Therapy》2018,49(4):538-550
Public schools are an ideal setting for the delivery of mental health services to children. Unfortunately, services provided in schools, and more so in urban schools, have been found to lead to little or no significant clinical improvements. Studies with urban school children seldom report on the effects of clinician training on treatment fidelity and child outcomes. This study examines the differential effects of two levels of school-based counselor training: training workshop with basic consultation (C) vs. training workshop plus enhanced consultation (C +) on treatment fidelity and child outcomes. Fourteen school staff members (counselors) were randomly assigned to C or C +. Counselors implemented a group cognitive behavioral therapy protocol (Coping Power Program, CPP) for children with or at risk for externalizing behavior disorders. Independent coders coded each CPP session for content and process fidelity. Changes in outcomes from pre to post were assessed via a parent psychiatric interview and interviewer-rated severity of illness and global impairment. Counselors in C + delivered CPP with significantly higher levels of content and process fidelity compared to counselors in C. Both C and C + resulted in significant improvement in interviewer-rated impairment; the conditions did not differ from each other with regard to impairment. Groups did not differ with regard to pre- to- posttreatment changes in diagnostic severity level. School-based behavioral health staff in urban schools are able to implement interventions with fidelity and clinical effectiveness when provided with ongoing consultation. Enhanced consultation resulted in higher fidelity. Enhanced consultation did not result in better student outcomes compared to basic consultation. Implications for resource allocation decisions with staff training in EBP are discussed. 相似文献
893.
Journal of Religion and Health - This study explored the role of adult attachment and God attachment in women’s and their partners’ adjustment to the threat of breast cancer. Women and... 相似文献
894.
Abstract Feminists have interpreted Rousseau's attitudes to women as characteristic of a patriarchal ideology in which passion, nature and love are associated with the feminine and repressed in favour of masculine reason, culture and justice. Yet this reading does not cohere with Rousseau's adulation of nature, nor with the repression of writing and culture in favour of natural speech which Derrida finds in his texts. This paper uses Rousseau's accounts of his personal experiences to resolve this conflict and to develop a more complex understanding of Rousseau's attitudes to women. The reading emphasizes that Rousseau operated with a triadic picture in which reason, the passions of the heart and the passions of the body are distinguished. The discussion of Derrida's reading of Rousseau gives rise to some reflections on the relationship of speech and writing to subjectivity, autonomy and women's oppression. 相似文献
895.
Recent evidence shows that children can use cross-situational statistics to learn new object labels under referential ambiguity (e.g., Smith & Yu, 2008). Such evidence has been interpreted as support for proposals that statistical information about word-referent co-occurrence plays a powerful role in word learning. But object labels represent only a fraction of the vocabulary children acquire, and arguably represent the simplest case of word learning based on observations of world scenes. Here we extended the study of cross-situational word learning to a new segment of the vocabulary, action verbs, to permit a stronger test of the role of statistical information in word learning. In two experiments, on each trial 2.5-year-olds encountered two novel intransitive (e.g., "She's pimming!"; Experiment 1) or transitive verbs (e.g., "She's pimming her toy!"; Experiment 2) while viewing two action events. The consistency with which each verb accompanied each action provided the only source of information about the intended referent of each verb. The 2.5-year-olds used cross-situational consistency in verb learning, but also showed significant limits on their ability to do so as the sentences and scenes became slightly more complex. These findings help to define the role of cross-situational observation in word learning. 相似文献
896.
897.
Peterson AL Luethcke CA Borah EV Borah AM Young-McCaughan S 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2011,18(2):164-175
Over the past 9 years approximately 2 million U.S. military personnel have deployed in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom
in Iraq and Operation Enduring Freedom in and around Afghanistan. It has been estimated that 5–17% of service members returning
from these deployments are at significant risk for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Many of these returning
war veterans will seek medical and mental health care in academic health centers. This paper reviews the unique stressors
that are related to the development of combat-related PTSD. It also reviews evidence-based approaches to the assessment and
treatment of PTSD, research needed to evaluate treatments for combat-related PTSD, and opportunities and challenges for clinical
psychologists working in academic health centers. 相似文献
898.
Edward A. Selby Cynthia M. Bulik Laura Thornton Wade H. Berrettini Steve Crawford Katherine A. Halmi Craig L. Johnson Allan S. Kaplan Detlev O. Nutzinger Janet Treasure Walter H. Kaye 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(7):634-645
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is perhaps the most lethal mental disorder, in part due to starvation-related health problems, but especially because of high suicide rates. One potential reason for high suicide rates in AN may be that those affected face pain and provocation on many fronts, which may in turn reduce their fear of pain and thereby increase risk for death by suicide. The purpose of the following studies was to explore whether repetitive exposure to painful and destructive behaviors such as vomiting, laxative use, and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) was a mechanism that linked AN-binge-purging (ANBP) subtype, as opposed to AN-restricting subtype (ANR), to extreme suicidal behavior. Study 1 utilized a sample of 787 individuals diagnosed with one or the other subtype of AN, and structural equation modeling results supported provocative behaviors as a mechanism linking ANBP to suicidal behavior. A second, unexpected mechanism emerged linking ANR to suicidal behavior via restricting. Study 2, which used a sample of 249 AN patients, replicated these findings, including the second mechanism linking ANR to suicide attempts. Two potential routes to suicidal behavior in AN appear to have been identified: one route through repetitive experience with provocative behaviors for ANBP, and a second for exposure to pain through the starvation of restricting in ANR. 相似文献
899.
The present research examines health persuasion from an embodied cognition perspective by proposing that engaging the motor system during health persuasion will lead individuals to engage in healthier behavior and have greater consistency between their intentions and behavior. In two studies, participants watched a health video while either imaging themselves performing the behavior or imaging themselves performing the behavior while also engaging their motor systems with minimal, relevant behaviors. In Study 1, after watching a flossing video, females (but not males) flossed more times in the following week after touching a floss and in Study 2, all participants (males and females) exercised more in the week after watching an exercise video while walking in place. In both experiments, participants who engaged the motor system had stronger intention-behavior consistency than those who merely imagined themselves performing the health behavior. Implications of the findings are discussed for theories of embodied cognition, intention-behavior consistency, and health persuasion. 相似文献
900.
Andrew E. Brandt Haley Sztykiel Cynthia J. Pietras 《The Journal of general psychology》2013,140(2):130-143
ABSTRACT. This study investigated whether risk taking on a laboratory gambling task differed depending on whether participants gambled with earned or experimenter-provided game credits. Participants made repeated choices between two options, one to wager game credits on a game that produced probabilistic gains and losses, and one to gain game credits with certainty. Choice was investigated across stake and no-stake conditions and condition order was counterbalanced across conditions. Risk taking was higher under stake than no-stake conditions, but only when stake conditions were experienced first. There was no effect on risk taking of the amount of the certain gain. Results are consistent with previous research showing that participant-stake procedures promote greater risk taking than procedures that allow participants to gamble with their own earnings, and also show that experience gambling with earned credits has an enduring effect on risk taking. 相似文献