排序方式: 共有18条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
11.
MacGeorge Erina L. Graves Angela R. Feng Bo Gillihan Seth J. Burleson Brant R. 《Sex roles》2004,50(3-4):143-175
Michaud and Warner (1997) and Basow and Rubenfeld (2003) recently reported studies of gender differences in “troubles talk” that allegedly provide support for the different cultures thesis, that is, the notion that men and women communicate in such different ways that they should be regarded as members of different communication cultures or speech communities. In this article, we identify several limitations in these two studies that, collectively, have the effect of casting doubt on their conclusions. We then report three studies that show that men and women provide and respond to supportive messages (“troubles talk”) in ways that are much more similar than different. The current findings, in conjunction with other recent findings, suggest that the different cultures thesis is a myth that should be discarded. 相似文献
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Loneliness within a nomological net: An evolutionary perspective 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
John T. Cacioppo Louise C. Hawkley John M. Ernst Mary Burleson Gary G. Berntson Bita Nouriani David Spiegel 《Journal of research in personality》2006,40(6):1054-1085
Loneliness is characterized by feelings of social pain and isolation and has both heritable and unshared environmental underpinnings. An evolutionary theory of loneliness is outlined, and four studies replicate and extend prior research on the characteristics of lonely individuals. Studies 1 and 2 indicate that loneliness and depressed affect are related but separable constructs. Study 3 confirms that lonely, relative to nonlonely, young adults are higher in anxiety, anger, negative mood, and fear of negative evaluation, and lower in optimism, social skills, social support, positive mood, surgency, emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, shyness, and sociability. The set of six personality factors associated with loneliness (surgency, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, shyness, and sociability) do not explain the associations between loneliness and negative mood, anxiety, anger, optimism (pessimism), self-esteem, and social support, as each association remained statistically significant even after statistically controlling for these personality factors. Study 4 used hypnosis to experimentally manipulate loneliness to determine whether there were associated changes in the participants’ personality and socioemotional characteristics. Results confirmed that loneliness can influence the participants’ personality ratings and socioemotional states. 相似文献
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Two experiments were conducted to assess whether responses to helpers who used insensitive emotional support vary as a function
of the interaction between sex of participant and helper. We hypothesized that women would evaluate an insensitive female
helper and her behavior more negatively than they would an insensitive male helper. In Experiment 1, participants (N = 137) read conversations in which male or female helpers sought to comfort emotionally distressed friends. In Experiment
2, participants (N = 87) engaged in face-to-face interactions in which they were comforted by either a male or female helper who used insensitive
comforting messages. Overall, the results imply that women with deficient emotional support skills may be at high risk of
rejection by same-sex peers.
A preliminary report of Experiment 1 was presented at the biennial meeting of the International Association for Relationship
Research, Madison, WI, July, 2004. 相似文献
16.
Brant R. Burleson Lisa K. Hanasono Graham D. Bodie Amanda J. Holmstrom Jessica J. Rack Jennifer Gill Rosier Jennifer D. McCullough 《Sex roles》2009,61(3-4):265-280
We propose a comprehensive explanation for gender differences in responses to supportive communication grounded in a dual-process theory of communication outcomes. Two studies confirmed consistent gender differences in responses by US college students to supportive communication and assessed the mediating effects of an ability factor (cognitive complexity) and two motivational factors (expressive and instrumental orientations) on situation elaboration and message evaluation. Study 1 focused on everyday comforting contexts (N?=?318), whereas Study 2 focused on bereavement (N?=?103). Both studies found that cognitive complexity mediated gender differences in situation elaboration and further found that cognitive complexity and expressive orientation collectively mediated gender differences in evaluative responses to supportive messages. Theoretical and pragmatic implications of the results are discussed. 相似文献
17.
James C. Bartlett Georgia Burleson John W. Santrock 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1982,34(1):59-76
Two experiments examined affect-dependent memory with preschool/kindergarten and third-grade children. A two-list intentional learning procedure was used to assess the effects of the congruent versus incongruent relationship between affect (happy vs sad) during initial list learning and affect (happy vs sad) during a delayed recall test. When induction of emotional mood was preceded by relaxation exercises in Experiment 1, no evidence of affect dependence was observed. When the relaxation procedure was omitted in Experiment 2, the affect-dependent pattern was obtained in both free recall and cued recall for both age groups. The results of Experiment 2 show that affect-dependent memory is a reasonably robust phenomenon in children and that hypnosis is not necessary for its appearance. However, the phenomenon is apparently absent under conditions of relaxation, a result consistent with two-factor theories of emotion. 相似文献
18.
W. Burleson Daviss Rasim S. Diler Boris Birmaher 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):857-871
Depression is a common, potentially devastating comorbidity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Various environmental adversities are well-described as correlates of depression in general pediatric populations, but not
in youth with ADHD. In 104 adolescents with ADHD, we examined potential environmental correlates of lifetime depression, including
trauma exposure, recent negative life events and current parent-child conflict, along with current and past ADHD severity
and current impairment. Controlling for demographic variables, comorbid disorders, and ADHD severity, we noted significant
associations between lifetime depression and environmental adversities, including victimization trauma, parent-child conflict,
and behaviorally-independent negative life events. Current impairment but not ADHD severity was also highly associated with
lifetime depression, controlling for the same covariates. Findings from this preliminary, cross-sectional study suggest that
environmental adversities and impairment in youth with ADHD should also be targeted along with the ADHD when contemplating
strategies to treat or prevent comorbid depression. 相似文献