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The current study examines the neural correlates of 8-to-12-year-old children and adults producing inflected word forms, specifically regular vs. irregular past-tense forms in English, using a silent production paradigm. ERPs were time-locked to a visual cue for silent production of either a regular or irregular past-tense form or a 3rd person singular present tense form of a given verb (e.g., walked/sang vs. walks/sings). Subsequently, another visual stimulus cued participants for an overt vocalization of their response. ERP results for the adult group revealed a negativity 300–450 ms after the silent-production cue for regular compared to irregular past-tense forms. There was no difference in the present form condition. Children’s brain potentials revealed developmental changes, with the older children demonstrating more adult-like ERP responses than the younger ones. We interpret the observed ERP responses as reflecting combinatorial processing involved in regular (but not irregular) past-tense formation. 相似文献
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Karen S. Budd Steven Behling Yan Li Sangeeta Parikshak Rachel A. Gershenson Rachel Feuer Christina M. Danko 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(2):247-261
This study investigated the properties of a new rating instrument, the Parenting Questionnaire (PQ), designed to measure attitudes
about acceptable and unacceptable parenting practices. In Study 1, subject matter experts representing culturally diverse
psychologists, parents, and college students were consulted to identify 110 items receiving high endorsement. In Study 2,
items were administered to 1,398 undergraduate students to examine their factor structure and the effects of ethnicity and
gender differences on PQ factors. In Study 3, test–retest reliability (N = 92) and convergent validity (N = 142) of the PQ factors were examined. Exploratory factor analysis revealed three factors (total of 63 items) with high
internal consistencies that accounted for a moderate amount of total variance (R
2 = .38). The factors were Critical Feedback (26 items), Supportive Feedback (26 items), and Physical Discipline (11 items).
Significant ethnicity and gender differences were found on the three PQ factors, as well as a significant interaction between
ethnicity and gender on the Supportive Feedback factor. PQ factor scores demonstrated good temporal stability, internal consistency,
and convergent validity. Overall findings suggest that the PQ is a reliable, stable, and valid measure of attitudes toward
parenting with three distinct factors. Future research directions with parents are discussed. 相似文献
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Parent–Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) has been identified as an evidence-based practice in the treatment of externalizing
behavior among preschool-aged youth. Although considerable research has established its efficacy, little is known about the
effectiveness of PCIT when delivered in a community mental health setting with underserved youth. The current pilot study
investigated an implementation of PCIT with primarily low-socioeconomic status, urban, ethnic minority youth and families.
The families of 14 clinically referred children aged 2–7 years and demonstrating externalizing behavior completed PCIT initial
assessment, and 12 began treatment. Using standard PCIT completion criteria, 4 families completed treatment; and these families
demonstrated clinically significant change on observational and self-report measures of parent behavior, parenting stress,
and child functioning. Although treatment dropouts demonstrated more attenuated changes, observational data and parent-reported
problems across sessions indicated some improvements with lower doses of intervention. Attendance and adherence data, referral
source, barriers to treatment participation, and treatment satisfaction across completers and dropouts are discussed to highlight
differences between the current sample and prior PCIT research. The findings suggest that PCIT can be delivered successfully
in an underserved community sample when families remain in treatment, but that premature dropout limits treatment effectiveness.
The findings suggest potential directions for research to improve uptake of PCIT in a community service setting. 相似文献
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Malcolm Budd 《The Philosophical quarterly》2002,52(207):237-246
Book reviewed in this article:
Frank Sibley, John Benson, Betty Redfern and Jeremy Roxbee Cox, Approach to Aesthetics: Collected Papers on Philosophical Aesthetics
Emily Brady and Jerrold Levinson, Aesthetic Concepts: Essays after Sibley 相似文献
Frank Sibley, John Benson, Betty Redfern and Jeremy Roxbee Cox, Approach to Aesthetics: Collected Papers on Philosophical Aesthetics
Emily Brady and Jerrold Levinson, Aesthetic Concepts: Essays after Sibley 相似文献
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Frederick A. Drobin Claude Barbre Ann Belford Ulanov Felicity Brock Kelcourse M.Min. M.Phil. Raymond J. Lawrence Jr Patrick Minges M.Div. Kathryn Madden MA Donald F. Dal Maso C.S.W. Jill Carlen Kirby M.S. C.S.W. Curtis W. Hart Budd H. Kopman Stephen Harding M.Div. Barry Ulanov 《Journal of religion and health》1995,34(2):149-167
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John Arnold Richard J. Budd Karen Miller 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1988,16(1):83-90
Several research studies have investigated the usefulness of alternative sources of careers information and advice as perceived by the people towards whom they are directed. Less attention has, however, been paid to examining the ways in which such sources are perceived to be useful. This study contributes to both issues by asking 98 fifth- and sixth-formers at one school in south-west England to rate the usefulness of each of six sources of careers help, and to describe how each source is useful or fails to be useful. Results demonstrate that although some sources are rated as more useful than others, each has particular ways of being useful and also particular drawbacks. It is argued that information of this kind is helpful in developing local careers policies and procedures. 相似文献