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181.
In the current experiment (N = 86), I evaluated the hypothesis that high and low sandbaggers differ in their preference for self-evaluative information. Results demonstrate that low sandbaggers sought accurate self-assessment information in private and in public, but high sandbaggers bypassed such information when it would be made public. These data support the notion that high sandbaggers are self-protective and tend to focus on social evaluation, while low sandbaggers seek accurate self-assessment regardless of the potential for social evaluation. Furthermore, data help to distinguish between sandbagging and self-handicapping. Discussion focuses on the motivation of sandbaggers, along with how this motivation differs from that of self-handicappers. 相似文献
182.
M. Todd Allen Catherine E. Myers Mark A. Gluck 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(1):36-61
Classical conditioning has been explained by two main types of theories that postulate different learning mechanisms. Rescorla
and Wagner (1972) put forth a theory in which conditioning is based on the ability of the US to drive learning through error
correction. Alternatively, Mackintosh (1973) put forth a theory in which the ability of the CS to be associated with the unconditioned
stimulus is modulated. We have proposed a reconciliation of these two mechanisms as working in parallel within different neural
systems: a cerebellar system for US modulation and a hippocampal system for CS modulation. We developed a computational model
of cerebellar function in eyeblink conditioning based on the error correction mechanism of the Rescorla-Wagner rule in which
learningrelated activity from the cerebellum inhibits the inferior olive, which is the US input pathway to the cerebellum
(Gluck et al., 1994). We developed a computational model of the hippocampal region that forms altered representations of conditioned
stimuli based on their behavioral outcomes (Gluck & Myers, 1993; Myers et al., 1995). Overall, computational modeling and
empirical findings support the idea that, at least in the case of eyeblink conditioning, there may be two different neural
systems: the cerebellum which mediates US-based error correction and hippocampus which alters representations of CSs. 相似文献
183.
Bryan Pfaffenberger 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2001,14(1):93-102
Knowledge must forever govern ignorance, and a people who would be their own governors must arm themselves with the power
which knowledge gives. Popular government, without popular information, or the means of acquiring it, is but a Prologue to
a Farce or a Tragedy—or perhaps both.—James Madison, 1815
Bryan Pfaffenberger teaches in the Department of Technology, Culture, and Communication at the University of Virginia where
he specializes in cyberlaw, intellectual property and other social aspects of information technology. He is also the author
of several trade and reference titles, including Webster’s New World Dictionary of Computer Terms, 9th ed. (Hungry Minds) and Computers in Your Future, 4th ed. (Prentice-Hall). He may be reached at bp@virignia.edu or via the web at: 〈www.people.virginia.edu/~bp〉. 相似文献
184.
Bryan E. Robinson 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2001,23(1):123-135
This paper examines the relationship between workaholism and family functioning and the psychological outcomes of family members. A profile of the workaholic family is presented, along with an argument for family scientists and practitioners to pay more attention to this neglected area of family life. Considerations for how to address the need in family research and practice also are presented. 相似文献
185.
Bryan E. Robinson Claudia Flowers Jane Carroll 《International journal of stress management》2001,8(2):165-175
Using structural equation modeling the relationship of work stress and marital cohesion was empirically investigated. It was hypothesized that work stress would have an inverse relationship with marital cohesion. Participants were a random sample of 326 adult females who were members of the American Counseling Association. The results of the data-model fit analyses support the hypothesized relationship. The coefficient of determination for the structural equation was 0.60 indicating a substantial degree of explanation for the relationship tested. Implications of these findings for future research are presented. 相似文献
186.
Mark A. Gluck M. Todd Allen Catherine E. Myers Richard F. Thompson 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2001,76(3):314-341
The authors evaluate a mapping of Rescorla and Wagner's (1972) behavioral model of classical conditioning onto the cerebellar substrates for motor reflex learning and illustrate how the limitations of the Rescorla-Wagner model are just as useful as its successes for guiding the development of new psychobiological theories of learning. They postulate that the inhibitory pathway that returns conditioned response information from the cerebellar interpositus nucleus back to the inferior olive is the neural basis for the error correction learning proposed by Rescorla and Wagner (Gluck, Myers, & Thompson, 1994; Thompson, 1986). The authors' cerebellar model expects that behavioral processes described by the Rescorla-Wagner model will be localized within the cerebellum and related brain stem structures, whereas behavioral processes beyond the scope of the Rescorla-Wagner model will depend on extracerebellar structures such as the hippocampus and related cortical regions. Simulations presented here support both implications. Several novel implications of the authors' cerebellar error-correcting model are described including a recent empirical study by Kim, Krupa, and Thompson (1998), who verified that suppressing the putative error correction pathway should interfere with the Kamin (1969) blocking effect, a behavioral manifestation of error correction learning. The authors also discuss the model's implications for understanding the limits of cerebellar contributions to associative learning and how this informs our understanding of hippocampal function in conditioning. This leads to a more integrative view of the neural substrates of conditioning in which the authors' real-time circuit-level model of the cerebellum can be viewed as a generalization of the long-term memory module of Gluck and Myers' (1993) trial-level theory of cerebellar-hippocampal interaction in motor conditioning. 相似文献
187.
Angela Bryan Michael S. Schindeldecker Leona S. Aiken 《Journal of applied social psychology》2001,31(9):1911-1938
A model of condom‐use intentions and behavior that we previously developed for women was replicated and extended with heterosexual men (n= 203; M age = 20.1 years). The general determinants of intentions to use condoms were consistent for men and women. The predictors of general condom attitudes and condom‐use self‐efficacy differed across gender. Male condom‐use outcome beliefs and sexual self‐control emerged as predictors of sexually experienced men's condom attitudes and self‐efficacy, respectively. In a 3‐month follow‐up, intentions and sexual self‐control predicted condom‐use behavior. These findings have implications for specificity vs. generality in the correlates of common behaviors across groups, the study of gender differences in condom use, and the development of intervention content targeted to specific populations. 相似文献
188.
189.
The Psychological Record - Participants completed blocks of trials under simple (i.e., work-alone), competitive, and self-competitive fixed-interval 20-s schedules of reinforcement. In general,... 相似文献
190.