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251.
252.
In this study, 1,038 case judgments made by 26 adult protective service (APS) workers in the United States were examined using hypothetical elder self-neglect vignettes. The independent variables used to construct realistic vignettes were based on the relevant literature, the law in the jurisdiction being studied, and other practical considerations. The factorial survey method was used in the vignette construction phase, and multiple regression was used for analysis. The independent variables of age, household income, disability, family presence and involvement, and the form and consequence of the self-neglect revealed statistically significant findings, but the main effect rested with the social perception of disability in assigning responsibility. Over 25% of the variance was explained in the model, the majority of which could be attributed to the victim's disability. The findings indicate that judgment of responsibility was almost entirely due to the perception of the victim's disability. Responsibility, in the present study and as applied to elder self-neglect in general, seems to be a unidimensional social judgment phenomenon. 相似文献
253.
254.
Craig J. Bryan PsyD Capt USAF BSC Luther E. Dhillon‐Davis PsyD Kieran K. Dhillon‐Davis PsyD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2009,39(6):623-632
In light of continuing concerns about iatrogenic effects associated with suicide prevention efforts utilizing video‐based media, the impact of emotionally‐charged videos on two vulnerable subgroups—suicidal viewers and suicide survivors—was explored. Following participation in routine suicide education as a part of the U.S. Air Force Suicide Prevention Program's video‐based community briefing, a sample of young active duty airmen demonstrated small decreases in positive emotional states and larger decreases in negative emotional states, especially among suicidal females. No evidence of iatrogenic effects were observed among suicidal or survivor subgroups when compared to controls. Results support the use of video‐based media as a safe educational strategy that might actually serve to decrease emotional distress among vulnerable subgroups. 相似文献
255.
Benham B 《Kennedy Institute of Ethics journal》2008,18(3):253-273
What is the ethical significance of debriefing in deceptive research? The standard view of debriefing is that it serves to disclose the deception to the participant and is a means of evaluating and mitigating potential harms that may have resulted from involvement in the research. However, as the article by Miller, Gluck, and Wendler in this issue of the Kennedy Institute of Ethics Journal points out, there has been little systematic attention to the ethics of debriefing, particularly with regard to the role of debriefing in addressing the prima facie moral wrong of deception itself. They argue that in addition to mitigating the harms of deception, debriefing should include an apology to participants for being deceived. In the current paper, I argue that an apology is not morally obligatory in most research contexts. Debriefing should be considered an opportunity to further define the researcher-participant relationship without the need to be remorseful about the research practice. 相似文献
256.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Arnold et al.’s Parenting Scale Across Race, Age, and Sex 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Bryan T. Karazsia Manfred H. M. van Dulmen Beth G. Wildman 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):500-516
We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to investigate the factor structure of several models of Arnold et al.’s Parenting
Scale [Arnold et al. (1993). Psychological Assessment, 5, 137–144] across children from various age groups and races. Participants were parents of children (ages 2–16 years) presenting
to four community-based pediatric practices for routine care. Parents completed questionnaires pertaining to various aspects
of parenting and child behavior problems. Results indicated that a two-factor revision proposed by Reitman et al. [(2001).
Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 30, 514–524] represented the data well and better than the original three-factor structure and other two-factor models. Results
from multigroup CFA analyses indicated that this factor structure did not vary across child sex, child age, and parental race.
Results of validity analyses indicated that scores on both factors were related to reports of children’s behavior and parental
affect and cognitions. This study was the first to use multigroup CFA procedures to demonstrate that relationships between
individual items and factors of the Parenting Scale are similar for parents of children across various age groups. 相似文献
257.
A randomized controlled trial was used to test (1) the efficacy of a two-session career development workshop for college student participants; (2) the effect of counselor self-disclosure on outcomes; and (3) the effect of infusing calling and vocation concepts on outcomes. Both standard (person-environment fit) and calling/vocation-infused interventions improved career decision self-efficacy relative to a wait-list control. Counselor self-disclosure also increased participant career decision self-efficacy in both conditions and increased appraisals of meaning in life for participants in calling/vocation-infused workshops. Incorporating considerations of calling and vocation neither detracted from nor added to workshop effectiveness. Career development workshops were supported, as was the use of moderate counselor self-disclosure. Suggestions for career counseling practice and intervention research are discussed. 相似文献
258.
Bryan Renne 《Synthese》2008,165(2):225-245
Dynamic Epistemic Logic (DEL) is the study of how to reason about knowledge, belief, and communication. This paper studies
the relative expressivity of certain fragments of the DEL language for public and private communication. It is shown that
the language of public communication with common knowledge and the language of private communication with common knowledge
are expressively incomparable for the class of all pointed Kripke models, which provides a formal proof that public and private
communication are fundamentally different in the presence of common knowledge. It is also shown that single-recipient private
communication does not add expressive power to the language of modal logic with common knowledge for any class of transitive pointed Kripke models. The latter result provides a sense in which positive introspection—believing our own beliefs—induces
a kind of self-dialog. 相似文献
259.
Burnham BR Neely JH 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2008,34(4):831-841
C. L. Folk, R. W. Remington, and J. C. Johnston's (1992) contingent involuntary orienting hypothesis states that a salient visual feature will involuntarily capture attention only when the observer's attentional set includes similar features. In four experiments, when the target's relevant feature was its being an abruptly onset singleton, attentional capture occurred for a static discontinuity cue that was the boundary between a group of red Xs contiguously joined to a group of green Os within a single row. Such an attentional capture effect is novel and contrary to Folk et al.'s (1992) hypothesis, because the attentional set for the target should have included abrupt onset but not color discontinuity, which was the feature that captured attention. These capture effects were involuntary because they occurred even when the target never appeared in the same location as the cue, and color could not have been used as a cue to signal the appearance of the target array (cf. B. S. Gibson & E. M. Kelsey, 1998). 相似文献
260.
Jeffrey S Simons Robert D Dvorak Bryan D Batien 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2008,22(3):444-449
This study examined predictors of methamphetamine use in a 6-month prospective study of 2,270 rural young adults. Sensitivity to punishment (SP), sensitivity to reward (SR), and gender were exogenous variables in an observed variable path analysis with 3 endogenous criteria: Time 1 (T1) marijuana use and methamphetamine use at T1 and Time 2 (T2). SP was negatively associated with marijuana use at T1, and this association was attenuated by SR. Male gender was positively associated with marijuana use. T1 marijuana use and SR were positively, and male gender negatively, associated with T1 methamphetamine use. T1 methamphetamine use, T1 marijuana use, and SP were positively associated with T2 methamphetamine use. Methamphetamine use prevalence and the role of distal predictors and proximal indicators of drug involvement are discussed. 相似文献