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151.
Greenfield BL Venner KL Kelly JF Slaymaker V Bryan AD 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2012,26(2):246-254
A large proportion of emerging adults treated for substance use disorder (SUD) present with symptoms of negative affect and major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little is known regarding how these comorbidities influence important mechanisms of treatment response, such as increases in abstinence self-efficacy (ASE). This study tested the degree to which MDD and/or depressive symptoms interacted with during-treatment changes in ASE and examined these variables' relation to outcome at 3 months' posttreatment. Participants (N = 302; 74% male) completed measures at intake, midtreatment, end-of-treatment, and at 3-month follow-up. ASE was measured with the Alcohol and Drug Use Self-Efficacy (ADUSE) scale; depressive symptoms were assessed with the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI 18) Depression scale; and current MDD diagnoses were deduced from the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Random coefficient regression analyses focused on during-treatment changes in ASE, with BSI 18 scores and MDD diagnosis included as moderators. At intake, individuals with MDD or high levels of depressive symptoms had significantly lower ASE, particularly in negative affect situations. No evidence for moderation was found: ASE significantly increased during treatment regardless of MDD status. There was a main effect of BSI 18 Depression scores: those with lower BSI 18 scores had lower ASE scores at each time point. MDD and BSI 18 Depression did not predict 3-month outcome, but similar to previous findings ASE did predict abstinence status at 3 months. Treatment-seeking emerging adults with MDD merit particular clinical attention because of their lower reported self-efficacy throughout treatment. 相似文献
152.
153.
There is increased scientific interest in the effects of nutrition on cognition and well-being. Plant sourced polysaccharides
play multiple roles in the biological processes required for health and well-being. This study explored the subjective experiential
reports of well-being following intake of a plant derived polysaccharide supplement. The study used a 12 week double-blind,
placebo controlled polysaccharide supplementation design. 109 middle-aged adults (45–60 years) took a standardised teaspoon
of a combination of plant polysaccharides or a placebo twice daily for 12 weeks (3.6 g per day), and completed three, open-ended
interviews at weeks 4, 8 and 12. Participants who took the polysaccharide supplement reported significantly more perceived
beneficial changes in both physical and psychological well-being, specifically at week 12, compared to those who received
the placebo. This study provides a starting point for understanding the perceived beneficial impact of polysaccharide interventions
on aspects of well-being. Importantly, as a health-related application of polysaccharide science, this research supports the
relationship that is emerging between the properties and function of polysaccharides. It is essential that future research
assesses the effects of polysaccharide intake on a range of physical and psychological well-being outcomes to further the
understanding of structure-function relationships with the aim of enhancing the functional health and well-being of individuals. 相似文献
154.
Overcoming Adversity: High‐Achieving African American Youth's Perspectives on Educational Resilience
This qualitative multicase research study identified the home, school, and community factors and processes that contributed to the academic success of 8 urban, African American high school graduates from low‐income, single‐parent families. Ten main themes emerged: school‐related parenting practices, personal stories of hardship, positive mother–child relationships, extended family networks, supportive school‐based relationships, school‐oriented peer culture, good teaching, extracurricular school activities, social support networks, and out‐of‐school time activities. Implications for counselors are discussed. 相似文献
155.
156.
Wayne Chappelle Emily Skinner Tanya Goodman Craig J. Bryan William Thompson 《Military psychology》2013,25(1):68-73
U.S. Air Force (USAF) combat search and rescue (CSAR) aircrew and special duty rescue personnel are specially trained airmen with high levels of direct exposure to combat-related medical trauma. The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence rate of CSAR military personnel meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (fifth edition; DSM–5) posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom criteria. USAF CSAR aircrew (n = 128) and rescue personnel (n = 300) across multiple units participated in the study by completing a demographics survey and the PTSD checklist based on DSM–5. Fourteen participants endorsed a pattern of symptoms of moderate to extreme level of severity meeting PTSD diagnostic criteria. Recommendations are provided for line and medical leadership to optimize health and performance among CSAR personnel. 相似文献
157.
Keith J. Leonard Joseph C. Mishurda Bryan Molloseau Marc De Graef Vijay K. Vasudevan 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(5):295-305
During the course of investigation of the phase equilibria in the Nb-Ti-Al system, a new phase, designated theta, was observed in three Nb-Ti-40at.%Al alloys following ageing at low temperatures (less than 1000 C). Using X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques, this phase was determined to have a bct structure, with lattice parameters a0 = 5.106 A and c0 = 28.168A, a space group of I 41/amd (number 141) and composition near 45at.%Nb25at.%Ti-30at.%Al. An orientation relationship between the new tetragonal phase and the gamma-TiAl phase of [101]gamma//[120]theta and (111)gamma//(001)theta was observed within the microstructure. 相似文献
158.
Abstract Adult children of workaholics were compared with adult children of nonworkaholics on self-concept, anxiety, depression, and locus of control. Results indicated greater depression and external locus of control among the offspring of workaholics. Children of workaholic fathers not only had greater depression and external locus of control but also scored higher on anxiety. No significant differences were found between children of workaholic mothers and children of nonworkaholic mothers on any of the variables. Self-concept was not related to parental workaholism in any of the comparisons. 相似文献
159.
Bryan Hall 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2013,21(1):79-109
This paper poses a dilemma for applying the category of substance given Kant's different conceptions of substance in the Critique of Pure Reason. Briefly stated, if the category of substance applies to an omnipresent and sempiternal substance, then although this would ensure that all experiences of empirical objects take place in a common spatiotemporal framework, one could not individuate these empirical objects and experience their alterations. If the category of substance applies to ordinary empirical objects, however, then although one could individuate these substances and experience their alterations, the category would not pick out a common spatiotemporal framework for these experiences. I will argue that this dilemma can be overcome by examining the development of Kant's conception of substance in his final work, the Opus postumum. 相似文献
160.
Alexander Josiassen Bryan A. Lukas Gregory J. Whitwell A. George Assaf 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2013,12(4):253-266
National origin has gained importance as a marketing tool for practitioners to sell their goods and services. However, because origin‐image research has been troubled by several fundamental limitations, academia has become sceptical of the current status and strategic implications of the concept. The aim of this paper was threefold, namely, to provide a state‐of‐the‐art review of origin‐image research in marketing, develop and empirically test a new origin‐image model and, present the implications of the study. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献