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111.
We tested the hypothesis that Faith in Intuition (FI) would moderate implicit–explicit attitude relationship strength for attitudes formed via associative processes, but not propositional processes. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that FI moderated I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via evaluative conditioning. High FI people had stronger I–E correlations. Experiment 2 showed that FI did not moderate I–E relationship strength for attitudes formed via propositional reasoning. Those low in Need for Cognition (NC), however, showed stronger I–E correlations than those high in NC. The importance of considering trait variables in combination with the method of attitude formation is discussed. 相似文献
112.
Piasecki TM Jahng S Wood PK Robertson BM Epler AJ Cronk NJ Rohrbaugh JW Heath AC Shiffman S Sher KJ 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2011,120(3):557-571
Alcohol and tobacco use covary at multiple levels of analysis, and co-use of the 2 substances may have profound health consequences. To characterize the motivationally relevant processes contributing to co-use, the current study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the subjective consequences of naturally occurring simultaneous use of alcohol and tobacco. Current smokers who reported frequently drinking alcohol (N=259) used electronic diaries to monitor their daily experiences for 21 days. Participants responded to prompted assessments and also initiated recordings when they smoked a cigarette or completed the first drink in a drinking episode. Momentary reports of smoking and alcohol consumption were associated with one another, and these effects remained after adjustment for occasion- and person-level covariates. When participants consumed alcohol, they reported increased pleasure and decreased punishment from the last cigarette. Smoking was associated with small increases in pleasure from the last drink. Ratings of buzzed and dizzy were synergistically affected by co-use of alcohol and tobacco. Co-use was also followed by higher levels of craving for both alcohol and tobacco. Results point to the importance of reward and incentive processes in ongoing drug use and suggest that alcohol intensifies real-time reports of the motivational consequences of smoking more strongly than smoking affects corresponding appraisals of alcohol effects. 相似文献
113.
This study evaluated a device that applied a sustained increase in accelerator pedal back force whenever drivers exceeded a preset speed criterion without buckling their seat belts. This force was removed once the belt was fastened. Participants were 6 commercial drivers who operated carpet-cleaning vans. During baseline, no contingency was in place for unbuckled trips. The pedal resistance was introduced via a multiple baseline design across groups. On the first day of treatment, the device was explained and demonstrated for all drivers of the vehicle. The treatment was associated with an immediate sustained increase in seat belt compliance to 100%. Occasionally, drivers initially did not buckle during a trip and encountered the force. In all instances, they buckled within less than 25 s. These results suggest that the increased force was sufficient to set up an establishing operation to reinforce seat belt buckling negatively. Drivers indicated that they were impressed with the device and would not drive very long unbelted with the pedal force in place. 相似文献
114.
Raque-Bogdan TL Ericson SK Jackson J Martin HM Bryan NA 《Journal of counseling psychology》2011,58(2):272-278
Research shows a strong link between adult attachment and mental and physical health, but little is known about the mechanisms that underlie these relationships. The present study examined self-compassion and mattering, two constructs from positive psychology literature, as potential mediators. Using survey data from a sample of 208 college students, relationships among attachment, self-compassion, mattering, and functional health were explored. Correlational analyses indicated that attachment anxiety and avoidance were strongly related to the mental health component of functional health. Mediation analyses indicated that mattering and self-compassion mediated the relationships between attachment orientation (i.e., levels of avoidance and anxiety) and mental health. These findings suggest that individuals' abilities to be kind toward themselves and their sense of belonging and being important to others are pathways through which attachment orientation relates to mental health. 相似文献
115.
We examine the extent to which retrieval from very long-term autobiographical memory is similar when participants are asked
to retrieve from widely differing periods of time. Three groups of 20 participants were given 4 min to recall autobiographical
events from the last 5 weeks, 5 months, or 5 years. Following recall, the participants dated their events. Similar retrieval
rates, relative recency effects, and relative lag-recency effects were found, despite the fact that the considered time scales
varied by a factor of 52. These data are broadly consistent with the principle of recency, the principle of contiguity (Howard
& Kahana, 2002), and scale similarity in the rates of recall (Brown, Neath, & Chater, 2007; Maylor, Chater, & Brown, 2001).
These findings are taken as support for models of memory that predict time scale similarity in retrieval, such as SIMPLE (Brown
et al., 2007) and TCM (Howard & Kahana, 2002). 相似文献
116.
While the definition of religion in sociology has been highly contentious, we define religion in this article as simply the
acts of piety that are conducted within the religious sphere. The point of this definition is to draw attention to practice
and away from belief. This approach to religion appears to be especially useful in the case of contemporary Islam, where female
piety has become a significant aspect of religious renewal. The idea of a religious sphere is taken from the work of Luc Boltanski
and his colleagues who have coined the expression ‘the inspirational city’. Religion thus consists of acts of piety within
the inspirational city, where this space is seen to be in tension with the secular city. The measurement of piety in everyday
life sharply differentiates the profane world from religion. These ideas are explored in this article through qualitative
data that are drawn from a small sample of pious women in contemporary Malaysia. We explore three aspects of female piety:
veiling, polygamy and child-rearing. The article attempts to understand the terms in which piety is measured within the broader
context of the Islamization of public life in Malaysia. 相似文献
117.
Bryan R. Loney Stevie N. Fowler Thomas E. Joiner 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(4):298-306
Prior research has documented an association between adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. However, there is
limited theoretical modeling to explain this association, and prior studies have generally failed to assess for potential
mediating variables of impulsivity, anxiety, and depression. The current study assessed these mediating variables in further
exploring for unique associations between adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. A non-referred adolescent sample
was assessed for bulimic tendencies, conduct problems, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression using a multi-informant assessment
battery including parent, teacher, and self-report measures. There was a significant bivariate association between conduct
problems and bulimic tendencies, r = 0.29, p < 0.01. However, this association was fully mediated by anxiety and depression symptoms. This suggests that emotional distress
could be a primary factor linking adolescent conduct problems and bulimic tendencies. Implications include the potential for
more regular screening of youth with conduct problems for associated eating disturbances.
相似文献
Bryan R. LoneyEmail: |
118.
Richard E. Mattson James MacKillop Bryan A. Castelda Emily J. Anderson Peter J. Donovick 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2008,30(3):229-234
Gambling is relatively common among university students, but few studies examine factors that contribute to gambling behavior
in this cohort. Based on evidence that cognitive distortions may play a role in gambling behavior, this study examined the
factor structure of gambling-related cognitive distortions using the Gambler’s Beliefs Questionnaire (GBQ; Steenbergh et al.,
Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 16:143–149, 2002) in a sample of 393 college undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to test a previously
reported two-factor model, comprising dimensions of Illusion of Control (IOC) and Luck/Perseverance (L/P). An oblique, but
not orthogonal, two-factor model was confirmed but did not provide an incrementally better fit to the data than a one-factor
model. However, multiple regression analyses showed that the L/P scale accounted for significant variance in the criterion
when controlling for IOC items. This suggests that IOC items provide redundant information and that gambling-related cognitive
distortions in this sample can be adequately assessed using solely the L/P factor.
相似文献
Richard E. MattsonEmail: |
119.
Rats were trained in four different learning tasks including the Morris-water task, a T-maze delayed nonmatch-to-sample task, a skilled unilateral reaching task, and a skilled bilateral string-pulling task. At the end of training the brains were harvested and stained using a Golgi-Cox procedure. Learning the spatial navigation task produced increased dendritic length and branching as well as decreased spine density in layer III pyramidal cells in occipital cortex. Learning the T-maze task increased dendritic branching in layer III medial but not orbital frontal cortex pyramidal cells and increased spine density in both regions. The motor learning tasks produced increased dendritic length and branching in layer V pyramidal cells in the forelimb cortex in the hemisphere contralateral to the trained limb in the unilateral skilled reaching task and in both limbs in the bilateral skilled pulling task. There were no changes in spine density in layer V in the motor tasks, but there was a decrease in spine density in layer III in the unilateral reaching task. Spatial and motor learning thus produce different patterns of change in layer III cortical pyramidal neurons. Furthermore, changes in spine density and dendritic length and branching are not tightly correlated and can increase and/or decrease independently of one another in learning tasks. 相似文献
120.