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761.
Information-motivation-behavioral skills model-based HIV risk behavior change intervention for inner-city high school youth. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Jeffrey D Fisher William A Fisher Angela D Bryan Stephen J Misovich 《Health psychology》2002,21(2):177-186
This study assessed the effects of 3 theoretically grounded, school-based HIV prevention interventions on inner-city minority high school students' levels of HIV prevention information, motivation, behavioral skills, and behavior. It involved a quasi-experimental controlled trial comparing classroom-based, peer-based, and combined classroom- and peer-based HIV prevention interventions with a standard-of-care control condition in 4 urban high schools (N = 1,532, primarily 9th-grade students). At 12 months postintervention, the classroom-based intervention resulted in sustained changes in HIV prevention behavior. This article discusses why both of the interventions involving peers were less effective than the classroom-based intervention at the 12-month follow-up and, more generally, suggests a set of possible limiting conditions for the efficacy of peer-based interventions. 相似文献
762.
Bryan L. Bonner Michael R. Baumann Reeshad S. Dalal 《Organizational behavior and human decision processes》2002,88(2):134
This study assesses the effects of member expertise on group decision-making and group performance. Three-person cooperative groups and three independent individuals solved either an easy or moderately difficult version of the deductive logic game Mastermind. Experimental groups were given veridical performance information, i.e., the members' rankings on prior individual administrations of the task. Control groups were not provided with this information. Results supported the predictions of this study: (1) groups gave more weight to the input of their highest performing members with the group decision-making process being best approximated by post hoc “expert weighted” social decision schemes and (2) groups performed at the level of the best of an equivalent number of individuals. 相似文献
763.
Researchers have called for an examination of the roles that alternatives to traditional mentoring play in individuals’ career success. This study tests how important, but less examined factors, such as employees’ direct leader, personal and work factors such as ability and the formality of the organization, and employees’ engagement in career management strategies relate to career outcomes. Mechanisms intervening in the relationship between mentoring alternatives and career success were examined, including the moderating effect of individual differences (e.g., proactive personality, career motivation, and career stage) and the mediating role of employees’ career self-efficacy. We discuss how our results continue the examination of alternative sources of mentoring and contribute to existing theory. Finally, we elaborate on the practical importance of our results for situations where alternatives to traditional mentoring are needed. 相似文献
764.
Victoria S. Harrison 《Philosophia》2008,36(1):97-110
Internalist pluralism is an attractive and elegant theory. However, there are two apparently powerful objections to this approach
that prevent its widespread adoption. According to the first objection, the resulting analysis of religious belief systems
is intrinsically atheistic; while according to the second objection, the analysis is unsatisfactory because it allows religious
objects simply to be defined into existence. In this article, I demonstrate that an adherent of internalist pluralism can
deflect both of these objections, and in the course of so arguing, I deploy a distinction between “conceptual-scheme targetability”
and “successful conceptual-scheme targeting”.
相似文献
Victoria S. HarrisonEmail: |
765.
Using principal component analysis, we examined whether structural properties in the time series of response time would identify different mental states during a continuous performance task. We examined whether it was possible to identify regular patterns which were present in blocks classified as lacking controlled processing, either behaviourally (as a failure to withhold a response to a target) or subjectively (as an off task report at a thought probe). Principal component analysis identified three components present in response times accounting for 58.8% of the variance in the data. Of these components, the second largest factor showed two features that implied it was a marker for mind wandering. First, it was stronger under slow relative to fast stimulus presentation conditions, and so paralleled the distribution of mind wandering reports. Second, it was more powerful prior to behaviour markers of mind wandering (failures in response inhibition) and less powerful prior to reports of task focused thinking (on task reports). Taken together, the use of principal components analysis on response times seem a viable tool for differentiating different mental states and so could help identify the neural substrates which underpin mind wandering and other subjective states. 相似文献
766.
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768.
Norton BG 《Science and engineering ethics》2008,14(4):581-592
A post-positivist understanding of ecological science and the call for an “ecological ethic” indicate the need for a radically
new approach to evaluating environmental change. The positivist view of science cannot capture the essence of environmental
sciences because the recent work of “reflexive” ecological modelers shows that this requires a reconceptualization of the
way in which values and ecological models interact in scientific process. Reflexive modelers are ecological modelers who believe
it is appropriate for ecologists to examine the motives for their choices in developing models; this self-reflexive approach
opens the door to a new way of integrating values into public discourse and to a more comprehensive approach to evaluating
ecological change. This reflexive building of ecological models is introduced through the transformative simile of Aldo Leopold,
which shows that learning to “think like a mountain” involves a shift in both ecological modeling and in values and responsibility.
An adequate, interdisciplinary approach to ecological valuation, requires a re-framing of the evaluation questions in entirely
new ways, i.e., a review of the current status of interdisciplinary value theory with respect to ecological values reveals
that neither of the widely accepted theories of environmental value—neither economic utilitarianism nor intrinsic value theory
(environmental ethics)—provides a foundation for an ecologically sensitive evaluation process. Thus, a new, ecologically sensitive,
and more comprehensive approach to evaluating ecological change would include an examination of the metaphors that motivate
the models used to describe environmental change.
相似文献
Bryan G. NortonEmail: |
769.
770.