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Cameron C. Brown Patricia Barros-Gomes Erika N. Smith-Marek Bryan Cafferky Sandra M. Stith 《Journal of couple & relationship therapy》2018,17(2):114-127
Despite previous research suggesting a link between intimate partner violence (IPV) and depression within romantic relationships, few studies have examined the role of depression in couples experiencing violence. Using dyadic data of 129 heterosexual couples seeking couples therapy for high conflict including physical IPV, depressive symptoms were evaluated as a moderator in the association between psychological and physical IPV. Results indicated that moderate and high reports of women's depressive symptoms provided a context, while men's psychological abuse toward them moved from low to high, for women to be more physically abusive toward their partners. Further, low reports of women's depressive symptoms provided a context, while men's psychological abuse toward them moved from low to high, for women to be less physically abusive toward their partners. Better understanding the role of depression and how it may offer a context for physical violence assists helping professionals in holistically addressing violence within romantic relationships. 相似文献
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Bryan Klapes Steven Riley J. J McDowell 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2018,109(2):336-348
A direct‐suppression, or subtractive, model of punishment has been supported as the qualitatively and quantitatively superior matching law‐based punishment model (Critchfield, Paletz, MacAleese, & Newland, 2003; de Villiers, 1980; Farley, 1980). However, this conclusion was made without testing the model against its predecessors, including the original (Herrnstein, 1961) and generalized (Baum, 1974) matching laws, which have different numbers of parameters. To rectify this issue, we reanalyzed a set of data collected by Critchfield et al. (2003) using information theoretic model selection criteria. We found that the most advanced version of the direct‐suppression model (Critchfield et al., 2003) does not convincingly outperform the generalized matching law, an account that does not include punishment rates in its prediction of behavior allocation. We hypothesize that this failure to outperform the generalized matching law is due to significant theoretical shortcomings in model development. To address these shortcomings, we present a list of requirements that all punishment models should satisfy. The requirements include formal statements of flexibility, efficiency, and adherence to theory. We compare all past punishment models to the items on this list through algebraic arguments and model selection criteria. None of the models presented in the literature thus far meets all of the requirements. 相似文献
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Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Peer-Administered Psychosocial Interventions on Symptoms of Depression 下载免费PDF全文
Many community mental health centers have implemented peer treatment models that employ recovered former clients as cost‐efficient adjunct providers. The effectiveness of these and other peer‐administered interventions (PAIs) for treating depression symptoms has not been well‐established. The current study is a meta‐analysis of PAIs’ effects on depression symptoms. Twenty‐three eligible studies were identified. Study characteristics were coded by multiple raters, random‐effects models were used to compare mean effect sizes, and mixed‐effects models were used to test for moderation. PAIs produced significant pre‐post reductions in depression symptoms (d = .5043 [95 % CI .3675–.6412]). In direct comparisons, PAIs performed as well as non‐peer‐administered interventions (.0848 [?.1455–.3151]), and significantly better than no‐treatment conditions (.2011 [.0104–.3918]). PAIs that involved a professional in a secondary treatment role were significantly less effective than those that were purely peer‐administered, and educational/skills‐based PAIs produced better outcomes than those that were mainly supportive. Follow‐up data, when available, indicated that PAIs’ benefits were maintained. PAIs reduce depression symptoms and warrant further study. The clinical significance of PAIs’ benefits, and whether they are better suited as stand‐alone or adjunct treatments, remain to be established. Implications for the roles of mental health professionals are discussed. 相似文献
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Boating Under the Influence (BUI) has recently become a topic of significant concern. Employing a sample of 1,082 young adult boaters, we explore demographic characteristics of those who seek various levels of intoxication while boating and apply several of the leading criminological theories to the study of BUI. We evaluate self-report measures of intoxicated boating, buzzed boating, and BUI. Results indicate that social learning theory and low self-control are leading predictors of BUI. We conclude that given the social nature and cultural acceptance of drinking while boating, simply lowering the blood alcohol content legal limit may not solve the BUI problem. 相似文献
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To take advantage of the increasing number of in-vehicle devices, automobile drivers must divide their attention between primary
(driving) and secondary (operating in-vehicle device) tasks. In dynamic environments such as driving, however, it is not easy
to identify and quantify how a driver focuses on the various tasks he/she is simultaneously engaged in, including the distracting
tasks. Measures derived from the driver’s scan path have been used as correlates of driver attention. This article presents
a methodology for analyzing eye positions, which are discrete samples of a subject’s scan path, in order to categorize driver
eye movements. Previous methods of analyzing eye positions recorded in a dynamic environment have relied completely on the
manual identification of the focus of visual attention from a point of regard superimposed on a video of a recorded scene,
failing to utilize information regarding movement structure in the raw recorded eye positions. Although effective, these methods
are too time consuming to be easily used when the large data sets that would be required to identify subtle differences between
drivers, under different road conditions, and with different levels of distraction are processed. The aim of the methods presented
in this article are to extend the degree of automation in the processing of eye movement data by proposing a methodology for
eye movement analysis that extends automated fixation identification to include smooth and saccadic movements. By identifying
eye movements in the recorded eye positions, a method of reducing the analysis of scene video to a finite search space is
presented. The implementation of a software tool for the eye movement analysis is described, including an example from an
on-road test-driving sample. 相似文献