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101.
Bruno N 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2001,5(9):379-382
Over the past decade, many studies of non-pathological individuals have reported functional dissociations between perceptual judgments and motor responses. These results suggested an interpretation of the ventral and dorsal streams in the primate visual system as independent modules for visual awareness and the visual guidance of actions. However, recent comparisons of perception and grasping responses in size-contrast displays have been widely reported to show that apparent dissociations are actually experimental artifacts. An overview of the literature suggests that the issue of visuomotor dissociations in healthy individuals is far from settled. Some results suggest that immunity from visual illusions might be found when task requirements emphasize observer-relative reference frames. These results suggest that the functional specialization of the two visual subsystems might be less rigid than originally posited. 相似文献
102.
提取练习比建构概念图更有利于记忆保持和迁移的研究结果尚存在争议。依据认知负荷的3个成分,设计两个实验探究前期知识水平与策略复杂性对以上两种学习策略有效性的影响。结果表明:(1)前期知识水平的主效应不显著,但是与学习策略之间存在交互作用:在提取练习策略条件下,高前期知识水平的被试与低前期知识水平的被试在记忆保持和迁移上的正确率没有显著差异,但是在建构概念图策略条件下,高前期知识水平的被试在记忆保持和迁移上的正确率显著地高于低前期知识水平的被试;(2)当降低概念图的难度后,被试使用建构部分概念图策略产生的认知负荷与使用提取练习策略相比显著降低,并且其在学习阶段学习到的知识量显著地高于使用提取练习策略的结果,但是在最终测试上,其记忆保持与迁移的正确率与使用提取练习策略并没有显著差异,策略的复杂性增加了学习者的额外负荷,但是对策略有效性的发挥却不具有决定性影响。以上结果说明提取练习策略之所以比建构概念图策略更具优势,不是因为其策略本身更易掌握,而是因为其与建构概念图策略相比不受学习者前期知识水平的影响。这意味着认知负荷理论可以很好地解释提取练习在记忆保持与迁移中产生优势效应的内部机制,并进一步证实提取练习与精细编码不同,具有独特的加工机制。 相似文献
103.
支持型领导行为在工作压力模型中的作用机制研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本研究调查了 1 3个企业共 2 1 8位员工 ,探讨了支持型领导行为在角色冲突、人际冲突、缺乏成就与发展 (压力源 )和工作满意感、工作焦虑 (压力反应 )之间的作用机制。研究发现 :(1 )支持型领导行为对工作满意感和工作焦虑有主效应 ,但是由于逆向缓冲的存在 ,支持型领导行为的主效应并不总是对的 ,我们必须在更大的范围中考虑领导行为的效应 ;(2 )缓冲效应的六个假设只有一个被证明 ,但是方向相反 ,即支持型领导行为加剧了由人际冲突造成的工作不满意感 ;(3)两个中介模型的部分关系被证明 ,但是我们很难确定是支持型领导行为的弱化效应还是评价作用。为了更好地说明因果关系 ,在将来的研究中纵向研究设计被认为更为恰当。 相似文献
104.
Stephanie D. Stepp PhD Jennifer Q. Morse PhD Kirsten E. Yaggi MSW Sarah K. Reynolds PhD L. Ian Reed MA Paul A. Pilkonis PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2008,38(5):592-607
The relationships among adult attachment styles, interpersonal problems, and categories of suicide‐related behaviors (i.e., self‐harm, suicide attempts, and their co‐occurrence) were examined in a predominantly psychiatric sample (N = 406). Both anxious and avoidant attachment styles were associated with interpersonal problems. In turn, specific interpersonal problems differentially mediated the relations between attachment style and type of suicide‐related behaviors. These findings suggest the importance of distinguishing between these groups of behaviors in terms of etiological pathways, maintenance processes, and treatment interventions. 相似文献
105.
Elizabeth G. Spitzer MA Kelly L. Zuromski MS Margaret T. Davis PhD Tracy K. Witte PhD Frank Weathers PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2018,48(1):105-115
This study used the interpersonal–psychological theory of suicide to explore the relationships among DSM-5 posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters derived from the six-factor anhedonia model and facets of acquired capability for suicide (ACS). In a sample of 373 trauma-exposed undergraduates, most PTSD symptom clusters were negatively associated with facets of ACS in bivariate correlations, but the anhedonia cluster was positively associated with ACS in regression models. Structure coefficients and commonality analysis indicated that anhedonia served as a suppressor variable for the other symptom clusters. Our findings further elucidate the complex relationship between specific PTSD symptom clusters and ACS. 相似文献
106.
107.
108.
Bruno H. Repp 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1975,17(3):231-240
“Same”-“different” response latencies were measured for dichotic CV syllables at stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs) of 20–480 msec. The results showed a consistent effect of distinctive feature separation on latencies and error rates, which persisted at longer SOAs. This supports the idea that phonemes are retained in memory in a distinctive feature code at least for half a second, and that such a code is also involved in the comparison of successive phonemes. The pattern of errors and latencies suggested two components in dichotic competition: “perceptual integration” at short SOAs and “perceptual noise” at longer SOAs. A “perceptual space” analogy is suggested: two stimuli must be separated by a minimum distance (including time separation as a dimension) to be perceived as distinct; if they are perceived as distinct, they are first categorized and then compared by assessing their distance in a phonetic space. 相似文献
109.
L. J. J. Bruno R. F. Hefferline P. D. Suslowitz 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1971,10(2):115-118
In a single session, Ss produced and estimated a series of electromyographically measured tensions, estimated the loudness of pure tones, and then matched muscular tension to tonal loudness. In all cases, power functions adequately represented the estimation and matching data. For two Ss, who scaled tension in the abductor of the little finger, the slopes of the estimation functions successfully predicted the slopes of the matching functions. For the other Ss the prediction from estimation to matching data was fair, but not good; these Ss scaled adductor tension, for which the electromyographic measurements were methodologically questionable. The data suggest that a consistent scale of muscular tension can be constructed, and that the scale can be validated by crossmodal comparison. 相似文献
110.
Federica Andrei A. B. Siegling Ariel M. Aloe Bruno Baldaro K. V. Petrides 《Journal of personality assessment》2016,98(3):261-276
A criticism leveled against the conceptualization of emotional intelligence (EI) as a personality trait is that it overlaps considerably with the higher order personality dimensions and, therefore, has weak utility. To investigate this criticism, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to synthesize the literature examining the incremental validity of the 2 adult self-report forms of the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue). Twenty-four articles reporting 114 incremental validity analyses of the TEIQue were reviewed according to the studies' methodological features. Additionally, data from 18 studies (providing 105 effect sizes) were pooled in a meta-analysis. Results suggest that the TEIQue consistently explains incremental variance in criteria pertaining to different areas of functioning, beyond higher order personality dimensions and other emotion-related variables. The pooled effect size was relatively small, but statistically and practically significant (ΔR2 = .06, SE = .0116; 95% CI [.03, .08]). The number of covariates controlled for, the form of the TEIQue, and the focus on higher order personality dimensions versus other individual-difference constructs as baseline predictors did not affect the effect size. Analyses conducted at the factor level indicated that the incremental contribution is mainly due to the well-being and self-control factors of trait EI. Methodological issues and directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献