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281.
Françoise Jermann Martial Van der Linden Maïté Laurençon Bruno Schmitt 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2009,31(1):27-35
Earlier work has shown that free recall tasks produce a robust mood-congruent memory effect in depression, whereas recognition tasks produce heterogeneous results. This study aimed to further investigate recognition memory for positive, negative and neutral words in depressed patients and matched comparison participants with the Remember/Know/Guess procedure for assessing recollection and familiarity. No mood-congruent memory bias effect was detected in discrimination abilities. However, depressed patients recollected (more Remember responses) more negative than positive or neutral words, whereas comparison participants recollected more positive than neutral words. No mood-congruent pattern was evidenced for Know responses. However, the depressed patients responded to fewer words overall with Know responses than the comparison participants. These results suggest that the mood-congruent memory pattern in depressed patients is related to conscious recollection rather than to familiarity. Attentional biases toward negative words and elaboration processes and/or encoding in reference to the self may contribute to these findings. 相似文献
282.
The present study reexamines the hypothesis that there exist emotional attributions specific to simple musical elements. In
Experiment 1, groups of participants, with varying musical expertise, rated the emotional meaning of four natural intervals
heard as two harmonic sine waves. In Experiment 2, the higher tone was kept constant at an octave above the low tone used
in Experiment 1, while the lower tone was constant. Attributions for each interval were positively correlated from one experimental
session to another; despite the intervals differed in terms of their component pitches. Musicians gave the most reliable choices
of meaning. In a third experiment, participants rated the emotional meaning of various unfamiliar ethnic melodies with expressions
describing the intervals’ meaning based on the results of Experiment 1 and 2. There were distinct profiles of emotional meanings
for each melody and these coincided with the meaning of intervals that constituted the surface and deep structure of each
melody. The intervallic structures (i.e., the main intervals of the tunes) and respective chords for each melody were also
presented aurally and participants’ ratings showed similar emotional profiles for these when compared to those of the melodies
themselves. 相似文献
283.
Valerie Goffaux Bruno Rossion Bettina Sorger Christine Schiltz Rainer Goebel 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2009,3(1):45-67
The impact of inversion on the extraction of relational and featural face information was investigated in two fMRI experiments. Unlike previous studies, the contribution of horizontal and vertical spatial relations were considered separately since they have been shown to be differentially vulnerable to face inversion (Goffaux & Rossion, 2007). Hence, inversion largely affects the perception of vertical relations (e.g. eye or mouth height) while the processing of features (e.g. eye shape and surface) and of horizontal relations (e.g. inter‐ocular distance) is affected to a far lesser extent. Participants viewed pairs of faces that differed either at the level of one local feature (i.e. the eyes) or of the spatial relations of this feature with adjacent features. Changes of spatial relations were divided into two conditions, depending on the vertical or horizontal axis of the modifications. These stimulus conditions were presented in separate blocks in the first (block) experiment while they were presented in a random order in the second event‐related (ER) experiment. Face‐preferring voxels located in the right‐lateralized middle fusiform gyrus (rMFG) largely decreased their activity with inversion. Inversion‐related decreases were more moderate in left‐lateralized middle fusiform gyrus (lMFG). ER experiment revealed that inversion affected rMFG and lMFG activity in distinct stimulus conditions. Whereas inversion affected lMFG processing only in featural condition, inversion selectively affected the processing of vertical relations in rMFG. Correlation analyses further indicated that the inversion effect (IE) observed in rMFG and right inferior occipital gyrus (rIOG) reliably predicted the large behavioural IE observed for the processing of vertical relations. In contrast, lMFG IE correlated with the weak behavioural IE observed for the processing of horizontal relations. Our findings suggest that face configuration is mostly encoded in rMFG, whereas more local aspects of face information, such as features and horizontal spatial relations drive lMFG processing. These findings corroborate the view that the vulnerability of face perception to inversion stems mainly from the disrupted processing of vertical face relations in the right‐lateralized network of face‐preferring regions (rMFG, rIOG). 相似文献
284.
Between-list manipulations of memory strength through repetition commonly generate a mirror effect, with more hits and fewer
false alarms for strengthened items. However, this pattern is rarely seen with within-list manipulations of strength. In three
experiments, we investigated the conditions under which a within-list mirror effect of strength (items presented once or thrice)
is observed. In Experiments 1 and 2, we indirectly manipulated the overall subjective memorability of the studied lists by
varying the proportion of nonwords. A within-list mirror effect was observed only in Experiment 2, in which a higher proportion
of nonwords was presented in the study list. In Experiment 3, the presentation duration for each item (0.5 vs. 3 sec) was
manipulated between groups with the purpose of affecting subjective memorability. A within-list mirror effect was observed
only for the short presentation durations. Thus, across three experiments, we found the within-list mirror effect only under
conditions of poor overall subjective memorability. We propose that when the overall subjective memorability is low, people
switch their response strategy on an item-by-item basis and that this generates the observed mirror effect. 相似文献
285.
The processing of spatial information in the brain requires a network of structures within which the hippocampus plays a prominent role by elaborating an allocentric representation of space. The parietal cortex has long been suggested to have a complementary function. An overview of lesion and unit recording data in the rat indicates that the parietal cortex is involved in different aspects of spatial information processing including allocentric and egocentric processing. More specifically, the data suggest that the parietal cortex plays a fundamental role in combining visual and motion information, a process that would be important for an egocentric-to-allocentric transformation process. Furthermore, the parietal cortex may also have a role in the long-term storage of representation although this possibility needs further evidence. The data overall show that the parietal cortex occupies a unique position in the brain at the interface of perception and representation. 相似文献
286.
The developmental origin of human adults’ right hemispheric dominance in response to face stimuli remains unclear, in particular because young infants’ right hemispheric advantage in face‐selective response is no longer present in preschool children, before written language acquisition. Here we used fast periodic visual stimulation (FPVS) with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) to test 52 preschool children (5.5 years old) at two different levels of face discrimination: discrimination of faces against objects, measuring face‐selectivity, or discrimination between individual faces. While the contrast between faces and nonface objects elicits strictly bilateral occipital responses in children, strengthening previous observations, discrimination of individual faces in the same children reveals a strong right hemispheric lateralization over the occipitotemporal cortex. Picture‐plane inversion of the face stimuli significantly decreases the individual discrimination response, although to a much smaller extent than in older children and adults tested with the same paradigm. However, there is only a nonsignificant trend for a decrease in right hemispheric lateralization with inversion. There is no relationship between the right hemispheric lateralization in individual face discrimination and preschool levels of readings abilities. The observed difference in the right hemispheric lateralization obtained in the same population of children with two different paradigms measuring neural responses to faces indicates that the level of visual discrimination is a key factor to consider when making inferences about the development of hemispheric lateralization of face perception in the human brain. 相似文献
287.
An econometric analysis of a happiness function, based on a surveyof 6,000 persons in Switzerland, indicates that:(1) the more developed the institutions of direct democracy, the happier the individuals are;(2) people derive procedural utility from the possibility of participating in the direct democratic process over and above a more favorable political outcome;(3) the unemployed are much less happy than the employed, independent of income;(4) higher income is associated with higher levels of happiness.The consideration of institutional differences in cross-regional data offers important new insights into happiness research. 相似文献
288.
289.
Bruno H. Repp Ram Frost Elizabeth Zsiga 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》1992,45(1):1-20
In two experiments, we investigated whether simultaneous speech reading can influence the detection of speech in envelope-matched noise. Subjects attempted to detect the presence of a disyllabic utterance in noise while watching a speaker articulate a matching or a non-matching utterance. Speech detection was not facilitated by an audio-visual match, which suggests that listeners relied on low-level auditory cues whose perception was immune to cross-modal top-down influences. However, when the stimuli were words (Experiment 1), there was a (predicted) relative shift in bias, suggesting that the masking noise itself was perceived as more speechlike when its envelope corresponded to the visual information. This bias shift was absent, however, with non-word materials (Experiment 2). These results, which resemble earlier findings obtained with orthographic visual input, indicate that the mapping from sight to sound is lexically mediated even when, as in the case of the articulatory-phonetic correspondence, the cross-modal relationship is non-arbitrary. 相似文献
290.