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Magda Chmiel Martin Brunner Ulrich KellerDaniela Schalke Marius WrulichRomain Martin 《Journal of research in personality》2012,46(5):627-631
Drawing on a broad, multidimensional conceptualization of subjective well-being, this study examined the power of childhood general cognitive ability to predict life satisfaction, satisfaction with eight individual life domains, and the frequency of experiencing positive and negative affect in middle adulthood. Data were obtained from a representative Luxembourgish sample (N = 738; 53% female) in a longitudinal study conducted in 1968 and 2008. Childhood general cognitive ability was unrelated to life satisfaction, negatively related to negative affect and satisfaction with free time, and positively related to positive affect and satisfaction with some of the life domains associated with socioeconomic success (i.e. finances, self, housing, work, or health). This predictive power persisted even when childhood socioeconomic status was controlled. 相似文献
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Martin Brunner Katarzyna Marta Gogol Philipp Sonnleitner Ulrich Keller Stefan Krauss Franzis Preckel 《Intelligence》2013
A domain-specific hierarchical conceptualization of mathematics achievement can be represented by the standard psychometric model in which a single latent dimension accounts for observed individual differences in scores on the respective subdomains (e.g., quantity). Alternatively, a fully hierarchical conceptualization of achievement can be represented by a nested-factor model in which individual differences in subdomain-specific scores are explained by both general student achievement and specific mathematics achievement. The authors applied both models to study the gender similarity hypothesis, the greater male variability hypothesis, and the masking hypothesis, which predicts that gender differences in general student achievement mask gender differences in both the means and the variability of specific mathematics achievement. Representative data were obtained from 275,369 15-year-old students in 41 countries. The results supported these hypotheses in most countries, demonstrating that a fully hierarchical conceptualization of achievement in terms of the nested-factor model significantly contributes to a better understanding of gender differences in the mean level, variability, and shape of students' achievement profiles. 相似文献
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Katja Dittrich Anna Fuchs Daniel Führer Felix Bermpohl Dorothea Kluczniok Catherine Hindi Attar Charlotte Jaite Anna-Lena Zietlow Maria Licata Corinna Reck Sabine C. Herpertz Romuald Brunner Eva Möhler Franz Resch Sibylle Maria Winter Ulrike Lehmkuhl Katja Bödeker 《Journal of child and family studies》2017,26(6):1583-1591
Previous studies have found that a stressful observational context challenges the mother-child relationship, thus highlighting negative interactive behavior. However, the impact of observational context has only been investigated in infants and preschoolers without specifically using the Emotional Availability Scales. Nor have they explored whether the association of mother-child interaction with children’s emotional or behavioral problems depends on the observational context. We observed 140 mothers and their five to 12-year-old children in non-stressful free play and in a stressful task context. In general, dyads showed higher emotional availability in the task context compared to the free play. Specifically, mothers showed higher levels of Sensitivity, Structuring and Nonhostility, but lower levels of Nonintrusiveness during the task compared to the free play context; children showed higher levels of Responsiveness during the task than during free play. After controlling for dyadic stress, contextual effects decreased for all dimensions of emotional availability. The association of mother-child interaction with child problem behavior depended on the observational context. Specifically, we found maternal emotional availability during free play to be more strongly associated with child problem behavior than during the stressful task; however, emotional availability of the child was more strongly associated with problem behavior when obtained during the task. We conclude that context impacts on mother-child interactive behavior and also on the association of mother-child-interaction and child behavior. Stress is a relevant contextual factor influencing mother-child interactive behavior. 相似文献
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Glick P Fiske ST Mladinic A Saiz JL Abrams D Masser B Adetoun B Osagie JE Akande A Alao A Brunner A Willemsen TM Chipeta K Dardenne B Dijksterhuis A Wigboldus D Eckes T Six-Materna I Expósito F Moya M Foddy M Kim HJ Lameiras M Sotelo MJ Mucchi-Faina A Romani M Sakalli N Udegbe B Yamamoto M Ui M Ferreira MC López López W 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2000,79(5):763-775
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Bad but bold: Ambivalent attitudes toward men predict gender inequality in 16 nations 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Glick P Lameiras M Fiske ST Eckes T Masser B Volpato C Manganelli AM Pek JC Huang LL Sakalli-Ugurlu N Rodríguez Castro Y Pereira ML Willemsen TM Brunner A Six-Materna I Wells R Glick P 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2004,86(5):713-728
A 16-nation study involving 8,360 participants revealed that hostile and benevolent attitudes toward men, assessed by the Ambivalence Toward Men Inventory (P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1999), were (a) reliably measured across cultures, (b) positively correlated (for men and women, within samples and across nations) with each other and with hostile and benevolent sexism toward women (Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, P. Click & S.T. Fiske, 1996), and (c) negatively correlated with gender equality in cross-national comparisons. Stereotype measures indicated that men were viewed as having less positively valenced but more powerful traits than women. The authors argue that hostile as well as benevolent attitudes toward men reflect and support gender inequality by characterizing men as being designed for dominance. 相似文献
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The Implications of Computer‐Mediated Communication (CMC) for Social Support Message Processing and Outcomes: When and Why Are the Effects of Support Messages Strengthened During CMC?
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Stephen A. Rains Steven R. Brunner Chelsie Akers Corey A. Pavlich Eric Tsetsi 《人类交流研究》2016,42(4):553-576
Widespread use of computer‐mediated communication (CMC) for exchanging social support has raised questions about the support‐related implications of CMC. This study drew from the dual‐process theory of supportive message outcomes and examined the implications of CMC for support message processing and outcomes. We hypothesized that the reduced social cues in CMC would encourage greater elaboration on support message content and lead support messages to have a greater impact than in face‐to‐face interaction. The results of the experiment showed that, although the support message was held constant, participants in the CMC condition reported the strongest motivation to receive support, engaged in the greatest level of message elaboration, and experienced the most beneficial changes in worry and uncertainty discrepancy. 相似文献
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The authors, a Lutheran and a Pentecostal, explore similarities and differences between their respective traditions using German Lutheran Pietism as a bridge. Parallels include conversionism, devotion to the Bible, practical holiness, missional activism, and opposition to the shortcomings of the religious status quo. Key divergences between the movements include the role of the sacraments, the place of manifestational gifts, and eschatology. The authors highlight how Pietism can be a useful channel and translator for dialogue. 相似文献
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Jane Wardle Kathryn A Robb Fiona Johnson Jayne Griffith Eric Brunner Chris Power Martin Tovee 《Health psychology》2004,23(3):275-282
This study was stimulated by J. Sobal and A. J. Stunkard's (1989) theory that differences in deliberate weight control could underlie the socioeconomic gradient in adult weight. Female adolescents (N=1,248) completed measures of socioeconomic status, social norms for weight, weight ideals, attitudes to weight, and weight control behaviors. Higher socioeconomic status adolescents had greater awareness of the social ideals of slimness and had more family and friends who were trying to lose weight. They also defined a lower body mass index as "fat" and were more likely to have used healthy weight control methods. The results support the idea that socioeconomic differences in weight-related attitudes and behaviors may mediate the development of a gradient in weight. 相似文献