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911.
Bruce Russell 《Inquiry (Oslo, Norway)》2013,56(3):337-343
James Bogen misinterprets what Kierkegaard (or more accurately, Johannes de Silentio) meant by the ethical in Fear and Trembling (see Inquiry, 5 [1962], pp. 305–17). Kierkegaard did not intend to depict morality as a system of duties where moral duties derive from the particular position(s) one holds in society. Kierkegaard thought that moral duties were based on universal principles that were divine commands. Although Kierkegaard thought that it was necessary for an action to be moral that it be done in accord with such universal principles, he did not think that this was sufficient. In order to be a moral action, the action must be done not only in accord with certain universal principles but in a certain way. Kierkegaard notes the appropriate way by saying the agent must reveal himself in his action. Thus revelation by the agent and acting in accordance with certain principles are jointly sufficient and singly necessary conditions for an action to be moral. 相似文献
912.
The extant literature on the death row process and its relationship to inmate execution is limited. One way to interpret the association is to examine those groups constituting the death row community. In this study, we argue for the existence of an execution community composed of several related membership groups: the prisoner awaiting death, the inmate's family, the correctional personnel working the unit, and the victim and the victim's loved ones. In order to assess whether, and to what extent, a death row community in fact exists, we rely on several principles found in community psychology. By grafting a "sense of community" model onto the behavior of those membership groups identified, we demonstrate how the death row community phenomenon cohesively operates. We conclude by tentatively exploring the implications of our analysis for purposes of future research on the execution experience and life on death row. 相似文献
913.
Bruce A. Jacobs 《Deviant behavior》2013,34(3):187-208
“Communicative work directed to transforming an individual's total identity into an identity lower in the group's social types is called a ‘status degradation ceremony'” (Garfinkel 1956, p. 420). Status degradation ceremonies are particularly troublesome for undercover narcotics agents. In this context, they act as the mechanism by which agents’ dissembled identities are questioned and their real police ones revealed. This process, what officers call “getting narced,” is the topic of the present paper. Explored here are both its causes and the responses officers proffer to neutralize full identity exposure. Causes are tactical in nature and involve transactional overaggressiveness. Neutralization responses are dramaturgical in nature and involve sarcastic admission, evidential refutation, and belligerent denial/threatening retort. Discussion focuses on the conceptual implications of officers’ counteruncovering moves (Goffman 1969) as these relate to the sociology of accounts (Scott and Lyman 1968). Data were drawn from ethnographic interviews with 30 high school undercover officers operating out of a large U.S. city. 相似文献
914.
Abstract Three categories of instruments or methods have been used to assess family functioning: unstandardized measures of total family functioning; instruments which measure family subsystems or unitary processes; and standardized total family assessment procedures. Six methods, comprising the standardized total family functioning category, are reviewed and compared. It is concluded that methods of total family assessment are nearing the formation of a family systems paradigm, although the psychometric qualities of the instruments lag behind theoretical development. Recommendations are made for further development of procedures to assess family systems. 相似文献
915.
Bruce B. Peck 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(2):52-58
Abstract In working with couples and families, the occasional clinical use of mental imagery techniques can frequently promote therapeutic breakthroughs. When sessions focused on a couple's (family's) current communication problems reach a point where progress seems slow and laborious, a therapist can encourage the couple (parents and perhaps even older children) to try one or more imagery sessions to understand their interactional patterns within the context of their own developmental periods. This article describes how imagery can lead couples to new and more constructive perspectives on the meaning of their interactions. 相似文献
916.
Previous simulation research has focused on evaluating the impact of analytic assumption violations on statistics related to the F test and associated p CALCULATED values. The present article evaluated the bias of classical estimates of practical significance (i.e., effect size sample estimators $ {\widehat{\eta}^2} $ , $ {\widehat{\varepsilon}^2} $ , and $ {\widehat{\omega}^2} $ ) in a one-way between-subjects univariate ANOVA when assumptions are violated. The simulation conditions modeled were selected on the basis of prior empirical research. Estimated (1) sampling error bias and (2) precision computed for each of the three effect size estimates for the 5,000 samples drawn for each of the 270 (5 parameter Cohen's d values × 3 group size ratios × 3 population distribution shapes × 3 variance ratios × 2 total ns) conditions were modeled for each of the k = 2, 3, and 4 group analyses. Our results corroborate the limited previous related research and suggest that $ {\widehat{\eta}^2} $ should not be used as an ANOVA effect size estimator, even though $ {\widehat{\eta}^2} $ is the only available choice in the menus in most commonly available software. 相似文献
917.
Differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO) was used to reduce aggression and other inappropriate actions in a 26-year-old man with moderate mental retardation employed at a vocational center. Initially high baseline levels of inappropriate behavior were reduced by implementing contingent praise and a sticker system used to earn points needed to gain access to social activities. The procedure was low cost, required minimal time and effort on the part of center staff, and made it possible for the client to remain employed at the vocational center. 相似文献
918.
Jake J. Klassen Douglas A. Williams Bruce Bolster Robert W. Tait 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》2002,55(1):27-42
Three experiments investigated the conditions under which electrolytic lesions of the dorsolateral periaqueductal grey (dlPAG) facilitate conditioned defensive freezing in the rat ( Rattus norvegicus ). Experiment 1 found that dlPAG lesions placed before context-shock pairings facilitated conditioned defensive freezing with massed but not distributed shock. No such effect was found in Experiment 2, when the lesions were placed after context-shock pairings. Experiment 3 found that dlPAG lesions facilitated subsequent conditioning with massed but not a single shock. In addition, no differences in sensitivity to thermal or shock pain were evident in lesioned and unlesioned rats. Taken together, these results are consistent with the suggestion that dlPAG activation interferes with the processing of contextual cues during association formation. 相似文献
919.
920.