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121.
Margaret H. Sibley William E. Pelham Brooke S. G. Molina Daniel A. Waschbusch Elizabeth M. Gnagy Dara E. Babinski Aparajita Biswas 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):645-656
The purpose of the current study was to test the ability of adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD to reliably self-report
delinquency history. Data were examined from the Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of children
diagnosed with ADHD between 1987 and 1996. Self-report of lifetime delinquency history was compared to concurrent parent-report
and to self-report 1 year later. Participants included 313 male probands and 209 demographically similar comparison individuals
without ADHD. Results indicated that adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD were more likely than comparison participants
to fail to report delinquent acts reported by a parent and to recant acts they endorsed 1 year earlier. This trend was most
apparent for acts of mild to moderate severity. After controlling for several covariates, current ADHD symptom severity and
parent-report of the participant’s tendency to lie predicted reporting fewer delinquent acts than one’s parent. Current ADHD
symptom severity also predicted more recanting of previously endorsed acts. Based on these findings, several recommendations
are made for the assessment of delinquency history in adolescents and young adults with childhood ADHD. 相似文献
122.
Internalization of societal standards of attractiveness is known to play a role in the development of body dissatisfaction and disordered eating, and researchers are now working toward identifying factors that influence the internalization of those societal standards. The present study examined to what extent social connectedness and conformity were related to internalization. Female college students (n = 300) completed measures of social connectedness, conformity, and internalization, as well as measures of body image concerns, dietary restraint, and bulimic symptoms. Path analysis showed that social connectedness was negatively related to conformity, and that conformity was positively related to internalization. Consistent with past research, internalization predicted body image concerns and dietary restraint, which in turn predicted bulimic symptoms. Conformity appears to be a risk factor for the internalization of societal standards of attractiveness, and could be targeted in efforts to reduce internalization, negative body image, and disordered eating. 相似文献
123.
John Hedley Brooke 《Zygon》2006,41(4):941-954
Designed as an introductory lecture for the conference “Einstein, God and Time,” this essay provides a brief survey of three sets of relations—between Einstein and time, God and time, and Einstein and God. The question is raised whether Einstein's rejection of absolute time held any implications for theology. It is argued that, despite Einstein's denial and his exemplary caution, the fact that Isaac Newton had associated absolute space and absolute time with a deity who constituted them meant that a revisitation of theological questions was inevitable. Consideration is then given to the time‐lessness and changelessness of God, with a brief reference to eschatological issues. The question whether there might be parallels between the renunciation of Newtonian time by physicists and by Christian theologians is discussed with reference to recent commentary on the eschatological thinking of Jürgen Moltmann. Whether Einstein himself would have sympathized with these theologies is to be doubted, given his antipathy to anthropomorphic and anthropopathic concepts of deity. Finally, in exploring Einstein's sometimes whimsical use of theological language, it becomes necessary to acknowledge that his well‐known affirmation of the complementarity of science and religion rested on a distinctive construction of religion that allowed him to say he was a “deeply religious unbeliever.” Attempts to categorize his convictions, or to appropriate them for conventional theistic purposes, miss their subtlety and their apophatic resonances. 相似文献
124.
Although research has established play behavior and playfulness as important to the well‐being of children and animals, researchers have not typically considered the importance or implications of play in human adults. This is surprising given that play behavior is a topic of high relevance to social psychology. Definitional issues, a lack of a theoretical framework, and a dearth of standardized measures have posed obstacles in the advancement of this interesting research area, which is ripe for investigation. In this review, we summarize the extant literature, identify strengths and weaknesses of this literature, propose definitions to guide future work in this area, identify relevant theories that may be expanded to provide a framework for programmatic research on play in adulthood, and elucidate avenues for future research. Our aim is to encourage the development of this research area within social psychology. 相似文献
125.
Murray Sandra L. Bellavia Gina Feeney Brooke Holmes John G. Rose Paul 《Motivation and emotion》2001,25(2):163-189
Existing research suggests that people with high, but not low, self-esteem use their dating partners' love and acceptance as a resource for self-affirmation when faced with personal shortcomings. The present research examines the role that perceived contingencies of acceptance play in mediating these effects. In Experiment 1, we activated either conditional or unconditional working models and then gave experimental participants failure feedback on an intelligence test. In Experiment 2, we activated thoughts of rejection (or control thoughts) and then gave experimental participants feedback suggesting that their romantic partners would discover their secret sides. Experiment 1 revealed that low and high self-esteem women both embellished their partners' love and acceptance to compensate for self-doubt when the unconditional audience was primed. When rejection was primed in Experiment 2, however, high self-esteem men reacted to the self-threat by doubting their partners' love. These findings suggest that people with low self-esteem may not typically use their relationships to self-affirm because contingencies linking failure to rejection and acceptance to success are chronically accessible in their interpersonal schemas. 相似文献
126.
Kent KM Pelham WE Molina BS Sibley MH Waschbusch DA Yu J Gnagy EM Biswas A Babinski DE Karch KM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):451-462
This study compared the high school academic experience of adolescents with and without childhood ADHD using data from the
Pittsburgh ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS). Participants were 326 males with childhood ADHD and 213 demographically similar
males without ADHD who were recruited at the start of the follow-up study. Data were collected yearly from parents, teachers
and schools. The current study used assessment points at which the participants were currently in or had recently completed
grades 9, 10, 11, and 12. Results indicated that adolescents with ADHD experienced significant academic impairment in high
school relative to comparison adolescents, including lower overall and main academic subject grade point averages (GPA), lower
levels of class placement (e.g. remedial vs. honors), and higher rates of course failure. In addition, teacher reports indicated
that adolescents with ADHD completed and turned in a significantly lower percentage of assignments and were significantly
less likely to be working up to their potential. Adolescents with ADHD were also significantly more likely to be absent or
tardy during the academic year, and they were over eight times more likely than adolescents without ADHD to drop out of high
school. These findings demonstrate that children with ADHD continue to experience severe academic impairment into high school. 相似文献
127.
Allison L. Wainer Brooke R. Ingersoll Christopher J. Hopwood 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2011,33(4):459-469
The broader autism phenotype (BAP) is a subclinical behavioral phenotype that is qualitatively similar to autism spectrum
disorders (ASDs). Research on the BAP has used different conceptualizations of this construct. To more closely approximate
the nature of the BAP, the current study utilized traditional construct validation methods to identify the BAP structure and
characterize its nomological net in undergraduates. A conjoint exploratory factor analysis of the scales from three self-report
measures of the construct was used to derive three robust BAP dimensions reflecting pragmatic language difficulties, aloofness,
and rigidity. These dimensions were then correlated with theoretically-relevant personality, psychopathology, and interest
variables in order to evaluate the criterion validity of the BAP. Correlations were generally consistent with our predictions
and showed strongest relations between BAP dimensions and poor communication skills, impaired social functioning, and behavioral
and cognitive rigidity. This research represents a first step in the identification and utilization of a common conceptualization
of the BAP. 相似文献
128.
Previous research has shown that there are cultural differences in self-concept consistency across situations. However, little is known about cultural differences in preference consistency over time. The present research examined whether Americans are more consistent in their preferences over time than are Japanese. As hypothesized, there were cultural differences in self-reported ( and ) and actual ( and ) preference consistency over time. Further, cultural differences in preference consistency at the individual level (Study 1) were found to aggregate into collective level differences ( and ) in the consistency of preference trends, such as the popularity of baby names. Implications and future directions are discussed. 相似文献
129.
Walther CA Cheong J Molina BS Pelham WE Wymbs BT Belendiuk KA Pedersen SL 《Psychology of addictive behaviors》2012,26(3):585-598
Several domains of parenting have been identified as important for adolescent well-being. Whether these same domains are equally beneficial for adolescents with ADHD histories remains an empirical and clinically important question. This study examined whether parental knowledge of their teen's activities and whereabouts, consistency, support, and parent-adolescent conflict are associated with substance use and delinquency similarly for adolescents with and without a diagnosis of ADHD in childhood. A sample of 242 adolescents, 142 diagnosed with ADHD in childhood and prospectively followed into adolescence, and 100 without ADHD in childhood, were the focus of study. The relations between adolescent-reported outcomes (i.e., substance use and delinquency) and parenting behaviors were tested using latent variable modeling to determine both the effects of general (common) and specific (unique) parenting behaviors for participants with and without a history of ADHD. Adolescents' report of parental knowledge was a significant correlate of delinquency and substance use above and beyond other parenting variables and the variance in common across the parenting variables. More knowledge was associated with less delinquency and substance use for all participants, but parental knowledge was more strongly associated with alcohol use for adolescents with versus without childhood ADHD. These correlational findings suggest that, despite the increased difficulty of parenting youths with ADHD histories, actions taken by parents and youth to increase parental awareness may provide some protection against behavioral transgressions known to be elevated in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
130.