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61.
The distinction between shyness and social anxiety remains unclear in the literature. In an attempt to shed further light on this issue, our research evaluated whether shyness and social anxiety were the same construct underlying various measurement scales. Participants (N = 801, Mage = 36.21, range = 18–74, female = 53.10%) responded to 10 questionnaires assessing either shyness or social anxiety. Evidence indicated that the scales were highly correlated and loaded onto 1 factor. Confirmatory factor analysis corroborated this finding. A second exploratory factor analysis revealed that all the shyness and social anxiety items best loaded together onto 3 factors: one corresponding to fear of negative evaluation, embarrassment, self-consciousness, scrutiny, authority, interaction anxiety, and shyness (71.0%); a second comprised of primarily interaction anxiety and shyness (17.7%); and a third associated with performance anxiety (7.5%). All scales were similarly discriminated from sociability. Overall, the constructs of shyness and social anxiety were not differentiated from each other. Researchers should carefully consider what items are included in shyness and social anxiety scales if these constructs are to be distinguished from one another. 相似文献
62.
The intergenerational transmission of risk factors for problem behaviors was examined across three generations. Two hundred fifty-four 2-year-old toddlers, one or two of their parents, and one grandmother of each toddler were studied. Grandmothers and parents were individually interviewed. Data were analyzed for the male and female toddlers combined. Correlations and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were performed. Findings indicate that the grandmother–parent relationship, parental personality attributes, marital harmony, and drug use and the parent–toddler relationship, predict the toddlers' behavior. The investigation provides evidence for a longitudinal, intergenerational process whereby the grandmother–parent relationship and the parents' personality and behavioral attributes are transmitted across generations through their association with the parent–child relationship. 相似文献
63.
In recent years concerns about whether the different measures of work stressors provide adequate information on the stressors themselves have led a number of reviewers to suggest that old constructs should be reconsidered and alternative approaches to measurement considered. One such alternative approach would be to consider the relationship between different work stressors in terms of score profiles and whether different score profiles emerge at different levels of tension. Sequential tree analysis was used to segment or split a sample into homogeneous subgroups reflecting the stressor or combination of stressors that reflected different levels of tension. The visual display that emerged from this analysis suggests that: (1) when considering the relationship between stressors and tension it is important to recognize that while absolute levels of work stressors scores may be low this is no reason to assume that the stressor-tension relationship will be correspondingly low; and (2) although individuals may report the same overall score for a work stressor, their experience of that stressor may be quite different. Finally, these results point to the need to consider the impact that generalizing work stressor scores may have on intervention strategies. 相似文献
64.
Harmon Brook E. Strayhorn Shaila Webb Benjamin L. Hébert James R. 《Journal of religion and health》2018,57(4):1509-1523
Journal of Religion and Health - Religious leaders, particularly African–American pastors, are believed to play a key role in addressing health disparities. Despite the role... 相似文献
65.
Although violence and homicide are more prevalent in Colombia, South America than the US, the role of psychosocial factors
in the violent behavior of Colombian adolescents remains unclear. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine the interrelation
of domains of personality, familial, peer, and ecological variables associated with violence in a community sample of adolescents
from various self-reported ethnic groups in Colombia. The sample consisted of 1,151 male adolescents selected from three Colombian
cities. The participants were surveyed using structured interviews at two points in time over a 2-year interval. Data were
collected concerning adolescent personal attributes, family characteristics, peer, and ecological factors, including drug
availability and the prevalence of violence in the community. The dependent variable was the self-reported frequency of the
adolescent’s violent behavior. The results supported a model in which violent behavior was correlated independently over time
with a number of risk factors from several domains. Evidence for the hypothesized mediated effects of the familial monitoring
and bonding domain, the peer domain, the ecological domain, and prior victimization related to personal attributes and contemporaneous
violence and the adolescent’s violent behavior 2 years later was also found. The findings suggest the use of specific intervention
procedures with adolescents to prevent their subsequent violent behavior. 相似文献
66.
67.
In this study, based on Family Interactional Theory (FIT), the authors tested a longitudinal model of the intergenerational effects of the grandmothers' parent-child relationships and the grandparents' smoking on the grandchildren's externalizing behavior via parents' psychological symptoms, tobacco use, and child rearing. Using Mplus, the authors obtained a structural equation model that demonstrated generational associations from grandmothers (G1) to parents (G2) to their oldest children (G3) and thus was in accord with FIT. They identified a pathway from the grandmothers' parenting to the grandchildren's externalizing behavior via the parents' psychological symptoms, their smoking, and their child rearing. Parents' psychological symptoms in adolescence were associated with their tobacco use in their late twenties, controlling for the continuity of their psychological symptoms and their tobacco use. This 3-generational model adds to the literature on parent-child relationships (G1), smoking from adolescence to early adulthood (G2), and externalizing behavior in the G3 child. 相似文献
68.
Osteoporosis is prevalent among women 50 years of age and older and accounts for numerous fractures and the related deaths of many sufferers. In this study, 22.4% of the women reported having osteoporosis. Smoking contributes substantially to osteoporotic fractures. This study assessed how different trajectories of women's smoking, covering the ages 40 to 48 years, relate to osteoporosis at age 65. Trajectory analysis of tobacco use data reveals smoking patterns which may have differing relationships to osteoporosis. Logistic regression analyses revealed the varying relationships of different smoking patterns to osteoporosis. As hypothesized, the chronic/heavy smokers were significantly more likely than the non-smokers to report having osteoporosis. Quitters and moderate smokers did not differ significantly from non-smokers on the osteoporosis measure. Chronic/heavy smokers should not be the only focus of public health efforts to reduce smoking and the associated risks of osteoporosis. The findings also highlight the efficacy of women smokers quitting in their 40s in order to reduce their likelihood of contracting osteoporosis. 相似文献
69.
The Association of Externalizing Behavior and Parent–Child Relationships: An Intergenerational Study
Judith S. Brook Jung Yeon Lee Stephen J. Finch Elaine N. Brown 《Journal of child and family studies》2012,21(3):418-427
We investigated the influence of the child’s behavior on the quality of the mutual parent–child attachment relationships across
three generations. We did so using a prospective longitudinal study which spanned 20 years from adolescence through adulthood.
Study participants completed in-class questionnaires as students in the East Harlem area of New York City at the first wave
and provided follow-up data at 4 additional points in time. 390 participants were included in these analyses; 59% female,
45% African American, and 55% Puerto Rican. Using structural equation modeling, we determined that externalizing behavior
in the child was negatively related to the mutual parent–child attachment relationship for two generations of children. We
also found continuity in externalizing behavior for the participant over time and from the participant to his/her child. Additionally,
we found continuity in the quality of the mutual attachment relationship from the participant’s relationship with his/her
parents to the participant’s relationship with his/her child. Finally, the mutual attachment relationship of the participant
with his/her parents had a negative association with the participant’s externalizing behavior in adulthood. Based on these
results, we propose that family interventions should focus on the role of the child’s externalizing behavior in the context
of the parent–child attachment relationship. Furthermore, we suggest that prevention programs should address externalizing
behavior as early as possible, as the effects of externalizing behavior in adolescence can persist into adulthood and extend
to the next generation. 相似文献
70.
Vincent Brook 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2013,12(3):401-420
The 1927 movie The Jazz Singer, starring Al Jolson—famously ad-libbing synch dialogue, infamously appearing in blackface—has spawned three remakes: a 1952 and a 1980 movie starring Danny Thomas and Neil Diamond, respectively; and a 1959 television drama starring Jerry Lewis.1 While none of the remakes can possibly match the singular importance of the original, arguably the cinematic ur-text of the Jewish assimilation narrative (not to mention of the American sound film), taken together the four films function as a compelling “metaphor for Jewish modernization.”2 Beyond the ethnically specific insights the films provide, their variations on the theme of an aspiring Jewish pop singer's conflict with his sternly religious father have much to say, individually and collectively, about continuity and change in American culture and society during the four films' six-decade span. Through social-historical and textual analysis, this essay further examines how identity issues raised by the four Jazz Singers continue to resonate among a Jewish people beset, perhaps more than ever, by the double bind of difference. 相似文献