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131.
Crash test dummies or knowledgeable practitioners? Evaluating the impact of professional development
Roger Harrison Richard Edwards Jonathan Brown 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2001,29(2):199-211
This paper draws on the authors' experience of developing and presenting an Open University Masters level course: Guidance and Counselling in Learning. Questions of 'who is the audience?' and 'what is the model of professional development?' are explored, surfacing the diversity of contexts for guidance practices and the assumptions about the relationship between theory and practice which are embedded in various approaches to professional development. The discursive approach adopted by the course team, involving students in processes of 'mapping', 'locating' and 'translating' in and between discourses of guidance, is outlined, suggesting that this provides a means of finessing the traditional theory-practice binary. A small-scale evaluation of the impact of studying the course was carried out on a sample of the first cohort of students. Data from this are used to illustrate some effects of the discursive approach on the ways in which students talk about their learning and their practice. 相似文献
132.
Mental health professionals conducting screenings in jail settings face formidable challenges in identifying inmates at risk for major depression and suicide. Psychologists often rely on correctional staff to provide initial appraisals of those inmates requiring further evaluation. In a sample of 100 jail detainees, the effectiveness of two specialized screens (the Referral Decision Scale and Mental Disability/Suicide Intake Screen or MDSIS) and one general screen (Personality Assessment Screener or PAS) was evaluated. For suicidal ideation, the MDSIS composite score evidenced promise (sensitivity = 1.00; specificity = 0.71). In ruling out major depression, the PAS Negative Affect subscale was useful for the inmate participants. 相似文献
133.
The commonalities between anxiety and depression have been discussed before, but few have delineated the potentially different
mechanisms through which treatments work for these populations. The current study conducted a comprehensive review of child
and adolescent randomized clinical trials that tested cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for anxiety or depression. All studies
were required to have assessed both treatment outcomes and at least one theory-specific process target, including behavioral,
physiological, cognitive, and coping variables. Using a meta-analytic approach, CBT demonstrated positive treatment gains
across anxiety, depression, and general functioning outcomes. CBT for anxiety also produced moderate to large effects across
behavioral, physiological, cognitive, and coping processes, with behavioral targets demonstrating potentially the greatest
change. CBT for depression produced small effects for cognitive processes but nonsignificant effects for behavioral and coping
variables. Findings were generally consistent with CB theory but suggest potentially different mediators in the treatment
of anxiety and depression. Results are discussed in terms of implications for mechanisms research, theories of change, and
treatment development. 相似文献
134.
Harrison AM Tronick EZ 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2007,55(3):853-74; discussion 875-89, 891-7
135.
The information that people use to perceive whether a tool is suitable for a certain task depends on what is available at a given time. Visually scanning a tool and wielding it each provide information about the functional attributes of the tool. In experiment 1, we investigated the relative contributions of vision and dynamic touch to perceiving the suitability of various tools for various tasks. The results show that, when both vision and dynamic touch are available, the visual information dominates. When limited to dynamic touch, ratings of suitability are constrained by the inertial properties of the tool, and the inertial properties that are exploited depend on the task. In experiment 2, we asked whether the manner in which a tool is manipulated in exploration depends on the task for which it is being evaluated. The results suggest that tools are manipulated in ways that reflect intentions to perceive particular affordances. Exploratory movements sometimes mimic performatory movements. 相似文献
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Martin J. Dorahy Charlotte Renouf Amy Rowlands Donncha Hanna Eileen Britt Janet D. Carter 《Journal of Loss and Trauma》2016,21(3):246-258
This study examined the direct and indirect effects of cognitions and anxiety associated with aftershocks on psychological symptoms (anxiety, depression, acute stress) and daily functioning (general and relationship). Participants were 600 adults from Christchurch, New Zealand. Data collection was approximately four months after the fatal 2011 earthquake. Path analysis was used for modelling. Socioeconomic status was directly associated with appraisals of uncontrollability of response to aftershocks. These cognitions were directly related to aftershock anxiety, which heightened general anxiety, depression, and acute stress symptoms. These symptoms were directly associated with relationship and general life dysfunction. Aftershock anxiety plays a significant role in ongoing psychological distress associated with earthquakes. 相似文献
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