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81.
May‐Britt Solem Knut‐Andreas Christophersen Monica Martinussen 《Infant and child development》2011,20(2):162-180
This study examined the effects of child characteristics and parent coping practices on parenting stress, based on a sample of parents of 64 boys with behavioural problems and a comparison group with parents of 128 boys. All parents completed questionnaires about stress, length of education, child characteristics, social support, sense of coherence and coping practices, in addition to interviews in their home about daily activities and relations with the child. A hierarchical regression model for predicting parenting stress was tested, and the results showed that having a child with behavioural problems predicted 57% of the variance in parenting stress. Social support and parental resources and strategies added to the prediction of parenting stress after controlling for family demographics and child characteristics. The parents in the clinical group (with boys referred to psychiatric units) were more often single parents with lower education, more often unemployed, less content with social support, and had lower scores on comprehensibility. These parents were significantly more stressed than parents in the comparison group. All these risk factors might be barriers against establishing a protective frame around a child. These parents, with a difficult child‐rearing situation, who perceived less support and had fewer material benefits, seemed to be more vulnerable. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
82.
Paul Sadler Suzanne McLaren Britt Klein Megan Jenkins 《Cognitive behaviour therapy》2018,47(2):139-154
Insomnia and depression are two of the most common mental health problems that negatively impact older adults. The burden associated with these highly comorbid conditions requires an innovative approach to treatment. There have been significant advancements in the field of cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) over recent years. CBT-I has evolved from targeting homogenous insomnia samples to now showing promising results for comorbid insomnia. CBT-I is not only effective at treating comorbid insomnia, but can also have a positive impact on depression severity. Despite these important clinical developments, limited research has explored whether modifying CBT-I programmes to specifically target comorbid depression could improve outcomes for older populations. This paper reviews recent literature and provides therapeutic recommendations to advance CBT-I for older adults with comorbid insomnia and depression. 相似文献
83.
Adam Briggle J. Britt Holbrook Joseph Oppong Joesph Hoffmann Elizabeth K. Larsen Patrick Pluscht 《Science and engineering ethics》2016,22(1):237-250
While education in ethics and the responsible conduct of research (RCR) is widely acknowledged as an essential component of graduate education, particularly in the STEM disciplines (science, technology, engineering, and math), little consensus exists on how best to accomplish this goal. Recent years have witnessed a turn toward the use of games in this context. Drawing from two NSF-funded grants (one completed and one on-going), this paper takes a critical look at the use of games in ethics and RCR education. It does so by: (a) setting the development of research and engineering ethics games in wider historical and theoretical contexts, which highlights their promise to solve important pedagogical problems; (b) reporting on some initial results from our own efforts to develop a game; and (c) reflecting on the challenges that arise in using games for ethics education. In our discussion of the challenges, we draw out lessons to improve this nascent approach to ethics education in the STEM disciplines. 相似文献
84.
85.
Gail Donaldson 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》1996,32(2):160-176
An examination of the early history of child analysis in the writings of Melanie Klein and Anna Freud reveals how two different and opposing approaches to child analysis arose at the same time. The two methods of child analysis are rooted in a differential emphasis on psychoanalytic theory and practice. The Kleinian method derives from the application of technique while the Anna Freudian method is driven by theory. Furthermore, by holding to the Freudian theory of child development Anna Freud was forced to limit the scope of child analysis, while Klein's application of Freudian practice has led to new discoveries about the development of the infant psyche. 相似文献
86.
Paukner A Anderson JR Donaldson DI Ferrari PF 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2007,33(2):139-147
Two macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were trained to perform 3 self-directed behaviors on signal and to repeat behaviors after a 'repeat' signal. The cognitive processes underlying the monkeys' repeat performance were evaluated via multiple repetitions of the repeat signal, extended delay periods between target behavior and repeat signal, and by transferring the repeat signal to novel behaviors. The monkeys seemed to use representations of their own past behaviors as a basis for repetition performance, but they mostly failed to correctly repeat target behaviors after extended delays and during transfer tasks. Implications for episodic memory abilities are discussed. 相似文献
87.
Childhood disruptive behaviors and family functioning in clinically referred children: Are girls different from boys? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Baseline assessments of 4 to 8-year-old children, 26 girls and 101 boys, referred to outpatient treatment for disruptive behaviors, were examined, focusing on possible differences between the functioning of boys and girls and their families. Child variables included diagnostic information, measures of disruptive behaviors, social competence, and independent observations of child behaviors. A variety of family variables, such as information regarding parenting practices, parental stress, and depression were included. Teacher reports of disruptive behaviors and social competence at school were included. Teacher ratings of child functioning indicated that boys displayed significantly more externalizing behaviors and they were less socially competent than girls. Parents perceived both girls and boys as highly oppositional and aggressive, and generally speaking, differences were few. Nevertheless, the level of stress was higher in girls' than in boys' families, and mothers of girls reported of higher levels of depressive symptoms. Girls and boys did not differ regarding diagnostic status. 相似文献
88.
Christopher R. Wolfe M. Anne Britt Melina Petrovic Michael Albrecht Kristopher Kopp 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(3):691-698
In two experiments, we developed and tested an interactive Web-based tutor to help students identify and evaluate counterarguments.
In Experiment 1, we determined the extent to which high- and low-argumentationability participants were able to identify counterarguments.
We tested the effectiveness of having participants read didactic text regarding counterarguments and highlight claims. Both
preparations had some positive effects that were often limited to high-ability participants. The Web-based intervention included
interactive exercises on identifying and using counterarguments. Web-based presentation was state driven, using a Java Server
Pages page. As participants progressively identified argument elements, the page changed display state and presented feedback
by checking what the user clicked against elements that we had coded in XML beforehand. Instructions and feedback strings
were indexed by state, so that changing state selected new text to display. In Experiment 2, the tutor was effective in teaching
participants to identify counterarguments, recognize responses, and determine whether counterarguments were rebutted, dismissed,
or conceded. 相似文献
89.
Britt Rusert 《The Journal of medical humanities》2009,30(3):155-171
This essay rethinks the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiments in light of a long history of experimentation in plantation geographies of the U.S. South. Turning to late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century discourses of the New South and to Booker T. Washington’s Tuskegee Institute, this essay illuminates the extension of the laboratory life of the plantation into the twentieth century. The focus on personal hygiene at the Tuskegee Institute opened the door for alliances with public health initiatives early on, making the school’s student population as well as residents of surrounding counties subjects of intense hygienic surveillance well before the official start of the syphilis study. 相似文献
90.