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51.
Banks ME 《Cultural diversity & ethnic minority psychology》2003,9(4):367-384
This article provides an overview of disability in families. The goal of the article is to raise awareness of the status of people with disabilities and their families to develop culturally relevant psychological support. Families have widely varying perspectives on disability; those perspectives influence responses to disability from the preconception and prenatal developmental stages through old age. An international literature review is provided with consideration of cultural meanings of disability, preparation for dealing with disability, coping strategies, support, developmental dynamics, competing needs of family members, and ethics. Voices of people with disabilities and their families are included. 相似文献
52.
When a horizontal or vertical magnifier is placed before one eye, a frontoparallel surface appears slanted. It appears slanted away from the eye with horizontal magnification (geometric effect) and toward the eye with vertical magnification (induced effect). According to current theory, the apparent slant in the geometric and induced effects should increase with viewing distance. The geometric effect does scale with distance, but there are conflicting reports as to whether the induced effect does. Ogle (1938 Archives of Ophthalmology 20 604-623) reported that settings in slant-nulling tasks increase systematically with viewing distance, but Gillam et al (1988 Perception & Psychophysics 44 473-483) and Rogers et al (1995 Perception 24 Supplement, 33) reported that settings in slant-estimation tasks do not. We re-examined this apparent contradiction. First, we conducted two experiments whose results are consistent with the literature and thus replicate the apparent contradiction. Next, we analyzed the signals available for stereoscopic slant perception and developed a general model of perceived slant. The model is based on the assumption that the visual system knows the reliability of various slant-estimation methods for the viewing situation under consideration. The model's behavior explains the contradiction in the literature. The model also predicts that, by manipulating eye position, apparent slant can be made to increase with distance for vertical, but not for horizontal, magnification. This prediction was confirmed experimentally. 相似文献
53.
Dianne Bertolino-Green Ph.D. Glenn H. Asquith Jr. Ph.D. J. L. Cedarleaf J. Earl Thompson Jr. Sarah F. Speed Rodney J. Hunter Rush Otey Herbert Anderson Rev. James G. Emerson Ph.D. Charles B. Cousar Ph.D. Justo L. González Louis R. Lothman S.T.D. J. Harold Ellens Christie Cozad Neuger Ph.D. C. Benton Kline Jasper N. Keith Jr. Bobbie Wrenn Banks M. Div. John Patton Elizabeth Liebert Jeanne Stevenson Moessner Thomas H. Phillips M.Div. Marie McCarthy Ph.D. Paul J. Johnson III Leslie E. Cole Shirley C. Guthrie 《Pastoral Psychology》1991,39(6):373-431
54.
Current approaches to the study of infant pattern vision have yielded interesting findings but have not yielded a set of data or principles from which general predictions can be drawn. We propose an alternative approach based on measurements of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF). This approach has been successfully applied to the study of adult vision. In principle, the approach allows one to predict the detectability of a wide variety of two-dimensional patterns if one knows the observer's CSF. Two experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, CSFs of 1-, 2-, and 3-month infants were measured using a fixation preference paradigm. The results indicated noteworthy development between 1 and 3 months particularly in sensitivity to high spatial frequencies (fine stripes). The low-frequency attenuation characteristic of adult vision is observed at 2 and 3 months but not always at 1. In Experiment 2, CSFs of 2-month infants were measured at a lower luminance level. The results indicated that low-frequency attenuation became less pronounced as would be predicted if it were a manifestation of lateral inhibitory processing. The manner in which the CSF can be used to make general predictions is described. The CSFs of Experiment 1 are then used to successfully predict infants' detection of patterns used in two frequently cited experiments. We also propose a simple model of infant pattern preference and show that the model accurately predicts the results of a number of well-known experiments. 相似文献
55.
Nitin Trasi Francis X. Clooney Maria Hibbets George Cronk Brian A. Hatcher Robin Rinehart Karen Pechilis Prentiss Hal W. French Francis X. Clooney Lisa Bellantoni Frank J. Korom Robert Menzies Constantina Rhodes Bailly Gavin Flood Rebecca J. Manring Loriliai Biernacki Brian K. Pennington John Grimes Richard D. MacPhail Glenn Wallis John J. Thatamanil John Grimes Thomas Forsthoefel Denise Cush Yasmin Saikia Joseph A. Bracken Lise F. Vail Jacqueline Suthren Hirst Judson B. Trapnell Ellison Banks Findly Paul Waldau D. L. Johnson John Grimes 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》2000,4(1):61-107
56.
The problem of ambiguity in games is discussed, and a class of ambiguous games is identified. A total of 195 participants played strategic-form games of various sizes with unidentified co-players. In each case, they first chose between a known-risk game involving a co-player indifferent between strategies and an equivalent ambiguous game involving one of several co-player types, each with a different dominant strategy, and then they chose a strategy for the preferred game. Half the players knew that the ambiguous co-player types were equally likely, and half did not. Half expected the outcomes to be known immediately, and half expected a week's delay. Known-risk games were generally preferred, confirming a significant strategic ambiguity aversion effect. In the delay conditions, players who knew that the ambiguous co-player types were equally likely were significantly less ambiguity averse than those who did not. Decision confidence was significantly higher in 2 × 2 than in larger games. 相似文献
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Meta-analytic reviews are an important tool for advancing science and guiding evidence-based practice. Publication bias is one of the greatest threats to meta-analytic reviews. This paper assesses the degree of publication bias in four previously published meta-analytic datasets from various fields of study in the organizational sciences. Of these datasets, one appears to be relatively unaffected by publication bias while the others seem to be noticeably influenced by this bias. Our “null” result (i.e., a prior meta-analytic estimate is unlikely to have been affected by publication bias) increases our confidence in the accuracy of our cumulative knowledge. Yet, our other findings suggest the presence of publication bias and point to the need for caution and further research. 相似文献
60.
Martha E. Banks 《Women & Therapy》2015,38(3-4):220-231
Whiteness involves a set of privileges that are lost or removed when a person becomes, or is perceived to be, disabled. For European American women, disability impacts femininity, the part of identity that differentiates them from European American men who hold maximal power and privilege in U.S. society. Disability represents a health issue, a barrier to social participation, and vulnerability to individual and societal abuse. Development of a healthy disability identity allows European American women to negotiate the multicultural situation of being White, women, and disabled. 相似文献