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131.
Australian health professional bodies promote the use of respite to ease carer burden, following well‐established findings that carers often face physical, mental, social, and financial strain while providing informal care. This narrative review examined the use and impacts of respite for older clients, with a particular focus on Australian research and on dementia respite. It was found that despite reports of high satisfaction from caregivers with respite use, barriers, such as caregiver concerns for the well‐being and safety of the care recipient during respite, limited flexibility for short‐notice respite booking, and low provision of support and education post respite, impacted on the accessibility and efficacy of respite care. It was concluded that respite care needs to move away from a custodial model to a more psychological model of care, and that more natural and flexible models (e.g., host family respite), integrated with increased post‐respite support and psychosocial education, are likely to be beneficial and need further evaluation. 相似文献
132.
Teaching metaphorical extensions of private events through rival‐model observation to children with autism 下载免费PDF全文
Mark R. Dixon Jordan Belisle Bridget E. Munoz Caleb R. Stanley Kyle E. Rowsey 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2017,50(4):744-749
The study evaluated the efficacy of observational learning using the rival‐model technique in teaching three children with autism to state metaphorical statements about emotions when provided a picture, as well as to intraverbally state an appropriate emotion when provided a scenario and corresponding metaphorical emotion. The results provide a preliminary evaluation of how an observational teaching strategy may be effective in teaching children with autism to correctly tact emotions when given metaphors. 相似文献
133.
Bridget Klest Andreea Tamaian Christina Mutschler 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2017,26(1):18-33
Individuals who have been exposed to trauma are at a greater risk of developing a chronic physical health condition and use health services more frequently than individuals who have not experienced trauma. The mechanism by which trauma affects health is not fully understood, but relationships with health care providers could be important in understanding this association. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships among betrayal trauma, health care relationships, and physical and mental health in a chronic medical population. Participants (N = 272) diagnosed with a chronic neurovascular condition (cavernous malformation) completed an online survey. Questionnaires assessed self-rated health, instances of betrayal trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression symptoms, income, and other demographic factors, and health care relationships. Level of income and the experience of betrayal trauma predicted mental health symptoms (depression, PTSD, or both) and also predicted health care relationships. After controlling for income and previous trauma, mental health symptoms significantly predicted health care relationships. Finally, mental health symptoms, health care relationships, and income predicted self-rated health, although the associations were not straightforward. These results suggest complex interrelations among trauma, mental health, income, health care relationships, and physical health, and a model is proposed for explaining these associations. 相似文献
134.
Recent functional imaging studies link reward-related activation of the midbrain substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA), the site of origin of ascending dopaminergic projections, with improved long-term episodic memory. Here, we investigated in two behavioral experiments how (1) the contingency between item properties and reward, (2) the magnitude of reward, (3) the uncertainty of outcomes, and (4) the contextual availability of reward affect long-term memory. We show that episodic memory is enhanced only when rewards are specifically predicted by the semantic identity of the stimuli and changes nonlinearly with increasing reward magnitude. These effects are specific to reward and do not occur in relation to outcome uncertainty alone. These behavioral specifications are relevant for the functional interpretation of how reward-related activation of the SN/VTA, and more generally dopaminergic neuromodulation, contribute to long-term memory. 相似文献
135.
136.
Low-frequency (LF) words produce higher hit rates and lower false alarm rates than high-frequency (HF) words. This word frequency
mirror pattern has been interpreted within dual-process models of recognition, which assume the contributions of a slower
recollective process and a relatively fast-acting familiarity process. In the present experiments, recollection and familiarity
were placed in opposition using Jacoby, L. L., Journal of Memory and Language, 30, 513–541 (1991), two-list exclusion paradigm with HF and LF words. Exclusion errors to LF words exceeded those to HF words at fast deadlines,
whereas the reverse occurred at slow deadlines. In Experiments 2 and 3, false alarms to HF nonpresented lures were higher than to LF nonpresented lures, indicating the use of baseline familiarity
for totally new items. Combined, these results indicate that in addition to baseline familiarity and recollection, a third
process involving the assessment of a relative change in familiarity is involved in recognition performance. Both relative
changes in familiarity and recollection processes have distinct time courses and are engaged when there is diagnostic list
information available, whereas baseline familiarity is used when there is no diagnostic information available (e.g., for nonpresented
lure items). 相似文献
137.
138.
Hilde M. Huizenga Ingmar Visser Conor V. Dolan 《The British journal of mathematical and statistical psychology》2011,64(1):1-19
Random effects meta‐regression is a technique to synthesize results of multiple studies. It allows for a test of an overall effect, as well as for tests of effects of study characteristics, that is, (discrete or continuous) moderator effects. We describe various procedures to test moderator effects: the z, t, likelihood ratio (LR), Bartlett‐corrected LR (BcLR), and resampling tests. We compare the Type I error of these tests, and conclude that the common z test, and to a lesser extent the LR test, do not perform well since they may yield Type I error rates appreciably larger than the chosen alpha. The error rate of the resampling test is accurate, closely followed by the BcLR test. The error rate of the t test is less accurate but arguably tolerable. With respect to statistical power, the BcLR and t tests slightly outperform the resampling test. Therefore, our recommendation is to use either the resampling or the BcLR test. If these statistics are unavailable, then the t test should be used since it is certainly superior to the z test. 相似文献
139.
Justine Fletcher Jane Pirkis Kylie King Jo Christo Bridget Bassilios Philip Burgess Harvey Whiteford Grant Blashki Lyn Littlefield 《Australian psychologist》2011,46(3):153-162
The Australian Government's Better Access initiative was introduced in late 2006 to increase treatment rates for people with mental disorders. It provides for reimbursement of psychologists' services through Medicare. The current pilot study examines the experiences of psychologists with this initiative. A random sample of 204 of 4,235 psychologists in private practice was approached and 73 psychologists (36%) were interviewed. The current study suggests that psychologists have had positive experiences with Better Access. They have appreciated the greater security of income and greater variety of work afforded by the initiative, and they have observed flow‐on benefits in terms of increased access and reduced stigma for their clients. Additional research is required to corroborate these findings with a larger sample of psychologists, but the current findings provide indicative evidence that Better Access is assisting psychologists to meet a previously unmet community need for mental health care. 相似文献
140.
Elizabeth A. Lemerise Bridget K. Fredstrom Brenna M. Kelley April L. Bowersox Rachel N. Waford 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2006,34(4):555-567
The social goals and social problem-solving of children who varied in social adjustment were examined in the context of hypothetical ambiguous provocation situations in which provocateurs’ emotion displays were systematically manipulated. Children rated the importance of six different social goals and explained how they would solve the problems. Social adjustment was measured with rating and nomination sociometric procedures. Rejected-aggressive, rejected-nonaggressive, average-nonaggressive, and popular-nonaggressive children showed both commonalities and differences in rating the six social goals, the relative importance of the six social goals, and social problem-solving depending on the provocateur’s emotion display. When provocateurs were happy, there were few group differences, but when provocateurs were angry or sad, rejected-aggressive children: a) rated hostile/instrumental goals more positively; b) rated prosocial goals less positively; and c) made problem-solving responses that were less friendly than those of other children. Results are discussed in relation to Lemerise and Arsenio’s (2000) model of emotion and social information processing. 相似文献