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81.
Studied 45 current leaders of local chapters of a medical mutual help organization. Cluster analysis of variables depicting routes to leadership produced six clusters: Health Professionals with a Mission, Connected Health Professionals, Career Leaders, Grass-roots Founders, Connected Grass-roots Leaders, and Obligated Veterans. These clusters differed on criterion measures of burnout, hardiness, and perceived obligation to continue as a leader, e.g., Connected Health Professionals and Career Leaders were less burned out, more hardy, and perceived less of an obligation to continue in the leadership role than Health Professionals with a Mission. In terms of leadership activities, Help Provision and Advocacy constituted less than one fifth of all activities but were rated as most rewarding. In contrast, the activities that made up the bulk of leaders' work--building membership, system maintenance, and organizational growth--were not rated as particularly rewarding. Results are discussed in the context of research directions and practice. 相似文献
82.
Just and Carpenter (1980) presented a theory of reading based on eye fixations wherein their “psycholinguistic” variables accounted for 72% of the variance in word gaze durations. This comment raises some statistical and theoretical problems with their use of simultaneous regression analysis of gaze duration measures and with the resulting theory of reading. A major problem was the confounding of perceptual with psycholinguistic factors. New eye fixation data are presented to support these criticisms. Analysis of fixations within words revealed that most gaze duration variance was contributed by number of fixations rather than by fixation duration. 相似文献
83.
Emilia Dowling Brian Cade† Douglas C. Breunlin‡ Neil Frude§ Philippa Seligman 《Journal of Family Therapy》1982,4(1):61-72
This paper describes the development of the training programme offered at the Family Institute in Cardiff and presents the results of a retrospective survey reflecting the 'consumers' views of the programme. Questionnaires were sent to all students who had trained at the Institute between 1972 and 1977, to elicit information about their views of the placement, as well as their post-qualifying experience, activities and interest in family therapy. A briefer preliminary report has been published earlier (Dowling and Seligman, 1980). 相似文献
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Brian Glaister 《Behaviour research and therapy》1982,20(5):493-504
Twenty-four studies of relaxation training for fear reduction of patients with psychological problems, which were published between 1960 and 1980, are reviewed. It is argued that only studies of the outcome of courses are relevant in considering the efficacy of therapy and concluded that such courses are capable of reducing autonomic arousal during training and during rest and stress following the course, capable of reducing behavioural avoidance, and capable of reducing subjective reports of disorder. This fear-reducing effect is less than that of exposure, and future research should examine the value of adding relaxation training to exposure. 相似文献
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87.
Brian P. Ackerman 《Journal of experimental child psychology》1982,33(3):439-454
This study examines children's comprehension of idioms. First, third, and fifth grade children (6, 8, and 10 years old) and college adults were read short stories containing contextual information and a key terminal sentence. The contextual information biased either an idiomatic, a literal, or am ambiguous (neutral) interpretation of the terminal sentence. The terminal sentence contained either an idiom (“fix his wagon”) or a changed form (“repair his wagon”) of the idiom. These manipulations were used to determine the role of contextual information and the conventional forms of idioms in idiom comprehension. After each story, the subjects were asked to explain the terminal sentence and to answer a “yes-no” question about the action described in the story. The results showed that idiomatic explanations and interpretations occurred more frequently for the idiom than the changed forms, and that there were strong developmental increases in making idiomatic interpretations of both forms. The results are discussed in terms of two current models of idiom comprehension. 相似文献
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L one Sugarman Nicholas J. Georgiades Brian E. Wilkinson 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1979,7(1):1-16
This paper outlines an alternative approach to curriculum design in higher education focusing in particular on the introduction of personal growth into the programme, and on facilitating the selection by students of the optimal choice of options. It is argued that models of curriculum design need to take cognizance of at least four interested parties; and that in the resolutions of their divergent interests, curriculum designers must make clear their most potent values, as well as their theories and assumptions about the nature of learning. A brief outline follows of two courses based upon these propositions. Finally, evaluations by both trainers and students involved in these courses are presented. 相似文献