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Brian C. Poncy Kathryn E. Jaspers Paul R. Hansmann Levita Bui William B. Matthew 《Journal Of Applied School Psychology》2015,31(1):63-82
An alternating treatments design with a control condition was used to evaluate and compare the effects of two taped-problem interventions on addition fact fluency. Both taped-problem interventions were identical with the exception of the time delay between the auditory cue of the problem and the answer. One condition used a 2-s delay and the other condition used no delay. Results showed that both taped-problem conditions showed growth in student digits correct per minute scores and that the no-delay condition was slightly more efficient as the taped-problem no-delay procedure took approximately 33% less time. Discussion focuses on using comparative intervention designs to detect nuances in procedures to improve our understanding of math fact interventions that result in the highest learning rates. 相似文献
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Brian P. Meier Benjamin M. Wilkowski 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2008,44(5):1383-1387
Research has shown that those individuals high in agreeableness recruit helpful thoughts in hostile contexts, presumably in the service of controlling aggressive behavior. The present experiment follows from such work, but importantly does so in a manner seeking to support causal conclusions. Participants were randomly assigned to an experimental training condition, in which hostile prime words were followed by helpful target words, or to a control condition that did not involve such pairings. Those assigned to the experimental condition subsequently exhibited lower levels of aggression in a laboratory task. Additional considerations and findings support the potential involvement of self-regulation processes. In general terms, the experiment reveals that a brief cognitive manipulation targeting processes thought to underlie aggression control was in fact causally effective in reducing subsequent levels of aggressive behavior. 相似文献
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Sarah E. Trosper Brian A. Buzzella Shannon M. Bennett Jill T. Ehrenreich 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2009,12(3):234-254
Given the relationship between internalizing disorders and deficits in emotion regulation in youth, the emotion science literature
has suggested several avenues for increasing the efficacy of interventions for youth presenting with anxiety and depression.
These possibilities include the identification and addition of emotion-regulation skills to existing treatment packages and
broadening the scope of those emotions addressed in cognitive-behavioral treatments. Current emotion-focused interventions
designed to meet one or both of these goals are discussed, and the developmental influences relevant to the selection of emotion-focused
treatment goals are explored using the framework of a modal model of emotion regulation. These various lines of evidence are
woven together to support the utility of a novel emotion-focused, cognitive-behavioral intervention, the Unified Protocol
for the Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Youth, a transdiagnostic treatment protocol that aims to treat the range of emotional
disorders (i.e., anxiety and depression) simultaneously. Avenues for future directions in treatment outcome and assessment
of emotion regulation are also discussed. 相似文献
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Matthew J. Weber John A. Detre Sharon L. Thompson-Schill Brian B. Avants 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2013,13(3):627-640
Network analysis is an emerging approach to functional connectivity in which the brain is construed as a graph and its connectivity and information processing estimated by mathematical characterizations of graphs. There has been little to no work examining the reproducibility of network metrics derived from different types of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data (e.g., resting vs. task related, or pulse sequences other than standard blood oxygen level dependent [BOLD] data) or of measures of network structure at levels other than summary statistics. Here, we take up these questions, comparing the reproducibility of graphs derived from resting arterial spin-labeling perfusion fMRI with those derived from BOLD scans collected while the participant was performing a task. We also examine the reproducibility of the anatomical connectivity implied by the graph by investigating test–retest consistency of the graphs’ edges. We compare two measures of graph-edge consistency both within versus between subjects and across data types. We find a dissociation in the reproducibility of network metrics, with metrics from resting data most reproducible at lower frequencies and metrics from task-related data most reproducible at higher frequencies; that same dissociation is not recapitulated, however, in network structure, for which the task-related data are most consistent at all frequencies. Implications for the practice of network analysis are discussed. 相似文献
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Purkinje cell loss by OX7-saporin impairs acquisition and extinction of eyeblink conditioning 下载免费PDF全文
The current study examined the effects of globally depleting Purkinje cells in the cerebellar cortex with the immunotoxin OX7-saporin on acquisition and extinction of delay eyeblink conditioning in rats. Rats were given OX7-saporin or saline 2 wk before the start of eyeblink conditioning. The rats that reached a performance criterion of two consecutive days with 80% or greater conditioned responses were given 5 d of extinction training followed by 2 d of reacquisition training. Rats that received infusions of OX7-saporin had 77.2%-97.9% Purkinje cell loss and exhibited impaired acquisition and extinction. The amount of Purkinje cell loss was correlated with the magnitude of the acquisition and extinction impairments. The highest correlations between Purkinje cell number and the rate of acquisition were in lobule HVI and the anterior lobe. The highest negative correlation between Purkinje cell number and the percentage of conditioned responses during extinction was in the anterior lobe. The results indicate that cerebellar Purkinje cells, particularly in the anterior lobe and lobule HVI, play significant roles in acquisition and extinction of eyeblink conditioning. 相似文献