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971.
Neil D. Christiansen Jay E. Janovics Brian P. Siers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(1):87-101
Two studies examined aspects of the validity of self‐report and performance‐based measures of emotional intelligence (EI) relevant to their use in personnel selection. In Study 1, structural equation modeling indicated that a two‐factor model with separate factors for the two types of EI measures fit better than a one‐factor solution. The performance‐based EI factor was more related to cognitive ability (R=.38) than personality (R=.26), whereas the self‐report EI factor was more related to personality (R=.85) than cognitive ability (R=.09). Although the performance‐based EI factor correlated more strongly with job performance (ρ=.24) than did that of the self‐report (ρ=.05), it provided little incremental validity beyond cognitive ability and conscientiousness. In Study 2, participants were asked to complete the measures as if applying for a job, and mean scores were then compared with those of Study 1. Results indicated that self‐report EI measures were more vulnerable to distortion than were the performance‐based measures. Implications for the assessment of EI in personnel selection contexts are discussed. 相似文献
972.
Trait Entitlement and Perceived Favorability of Human Resource Management Practices in the Prediction of Job Satisfaction 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Zinta S. Byrne Brian K. Miller Virginia E. Pitts 《Journal of business and psychology》2010,25(3):451-464
Purpose
Inconsistency in offerings of human resource management (HRM) practices across organizations is potentially problematic for employees with high levels of entitlement as they tend to believe they get less than they deserve. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of trait entitlement on the relationship between the favorability of HRM practices and job satisfaction. 相似文献973.
The reorientation task is a paradigm that has been used extensively to study the types of information used by humans and animals to navigate in their environment. In this task, subjects are reinforced for going to a particular location in an arena that is typically rectangular in shape. The subject then has to find that location again after being disoriented, and possibly after changes have been made to the arena. This task is used to determine the geometric and featural cues that can be used to reorient the agent in the arena. The purpose of the present paper is to present several simulation results that show that a simple neural network, a perceptron, can be used to generate many of the traditional findings that have been obtained using the reorientation task. These results suggest that reorientation task regularities can be explained without appealing to a geometric module that is a component of spatial processing. 相似文献
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976.
This paper examines if perceptions of test legitimacy increase when racial differences on test performance match the racial status quo or when a perceiver's in‐group performs better than expected, relative to other groups. Study 1 assesses expected performance difference for various racial groups on a GRE‐like test. Study 2 assesses White and Asian participants' perceptions of legitimacy of a test that either favors the in‐group or an out‐group. Study 3 replicates Study 2 using individuals from high‐ and low‐status groups (Asians and Latinos, respectively). The findings suggest that the desire to benefit the in‐group trumps the desire to justify the status quo in accounting for the impact of race‐based performance differences on perceptions of test legitimacy. 相似文献
977.
978.
Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nim Tottenham Todd A. Hare Brian T. Quinn Thomas W. McCarry Marcella Nurse Tara Gilhooly Alexander Millner Adriana Galvan Matthew C. Davidson Inge-Marie Eigsti Kathleen M. Thomas Peter J. Freed Elizabeth S. Booma Megan R. Gunnar Margaret Altemus Jane Aronson B.J. Casey 《Developmental science》2010,13(1):46-61
Early adversity, for example poor caregiving, can have profound effects on emotional development. Orphanage rearing, even in the best circumstances, lies outside of the bounds of a species-typical caregiving environment. The long-term effects of this early adversity on the neurobiological development associated with socio-emotional behaviors are not well understood. Seventy-eight children, who include those who have experienced orphanage care and a comparison group, were assessed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to measure volumes of whole brain and limbic structures (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus). Emotion regulation was assessed with an emotional go-nogo paradigm, and anxiety and internalizing behaviors were assessed using the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders, the Child Behavior Checklist, and a structured clinical interview. Late adoption was associated with larger corrected amygdala volumes, poorer emotion regulation, and increased anxiety. Although more than 50% of the children who experienced orphanage rearing met criteria for a psychiatric disorder, with a third having an anxiety disorder, the group differences observed in amygdala volume were not driven by the presence of an anxiety disorder. The findings are consistent with previous reports describing negative effects of prolonged orphanage care on emotional behavior and with animal models that show long-term changes in the amygdala and emotional behavior following early postnatal stress. These changes in limbic circuitry may underlie residual emotional and social problems experienced by children who have been internationally adopted. 相似文献
979.
Brian E. Harper 《Social Psychology of Education》2010,13(4):473-483
While there is great deal of research that tracks self-regulatory academic beliefs and behaviors of students, relatively few
efforts examine the specific self-beliefs of high achieving African American students. This study compared the intelligence-related
beliefs, efficacy beliefs and academic goal orientations of 257 African American (N = 196) and White (N = 61) sophomore and senior students from among honors-level language arts classes in three large midwestern high schools.
The results of this study suggest that while African American students and their White peers do not significantly differ with
respect to efficacy beliefs or goal orientation, African American students expressed more strongly-held beliefs that were
consistent with an entity view of intelligence than did White students. The implications of these results are discussed, as
well as a practical means of application for academic settings. 相似文献
980.
Latent inhibition refers to learning that some stimuli are not signals of important events. It has been widely studied in
vertebrates, but it has been substantially less well studied in invertebrates. We present an investigation into latent inhibition
in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) using a proboscis extension response conditioning procedure that involved ‘preexposure’ of an odor without reinforcement
prior to appetitive conditioning. A significant latent inhibition effect, measured in terms of a reduction in acquisition
performance to the preexposed odor, was observed after 8 unreinforced presentations, and the effect continued to increase
in strength up to 30 presentations. We also observed that memories formed for the preexposed odor lasted at least 24 h. Further
manipulation of interstimulus interval and the visual conditioning context partially attenuated the effect. The latter results
indicate that latent inhibition in honey bees may not be a unitary phenomenon. Two different mechanisms may be required, in
which one mechanism is dependent on the visual context and the second is not. 相似文献