The treatment of exhibitionists: a focus on sexual deviance versus cognitive and relationship features

Two studies compared treatment of exhibitionists aimed at either: (1) modifying deviant sexual preferences; or (2) changing cognitions, enhancing relationship and interpersonal skills, and improving awareness of relapse prevention issues. Recidivism rates of these two programs were compared with each other and with the rates observed in untreated offenders. Results supported the focus on broader cognitive and social issues. Clearly exhibitionists can be treated effectively.     

Book reviews and notes

GENERAL. A MEDIEVAL MUSLIM SCHOLAR AT WORK:IBN TAWUS AND HIS LIBRARY. By Etan Kohlberg. Islamic Philosophy, Theology and Science: Texts and Studies. Edited by H. Daiber and D. Pingree. Vol. XXII. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1992. 470pp. Hb. $120.00. ISBN 90-04-09549-7. AL-FARABI AND HIS SCHOOL. By Ian Richard Netton. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. 128pp. £10.99. Pb. ISBN 0-415-03595-3; Hb. 0-415-03594-5. PROBLEMS OF THE MODERN MIDDLE EAST IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE: ESSAYS IN HONOUR OF ALBERT HOURANI. Edited by John P. Spagnolo. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992. 309pp. Hb. £30.00. ISBN 0-86372-164-8. WOMAN'S BODY, WOMAN'S WORLD: GENDER AND DISCOURSE IN ARAB-ISLAMIC WRITING. By Fedwa Malti-Douglas. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992. 206pp. $12.95. ISBN 0-691-01488-4. AVICENNA. By Lenn E. Goodman. London and New York: Routledge, 1992. 240pp. Pb.£12.99. ISBN: 0-415-07409-6. EURO-ARAB RELATIONS: A STUDY IN COLLECTIVE DIPLOMACY. By Haifaa A. Jawad. Reading: Ithaca Press, 1992. 302pp. Hb.£25.00. ISBN 0-86372-129-X. DER ISLAM: EIN LESEBUCH. Edited by MARIA HAARMANN. Beck'sche Reihe; 479. Munchen: C.H. Beck, 1992. 388pp. Pb. DM12.-. ISBN 3-406-340717. DIE ISLAMISCH WELT UND EUROPA: KULTURELLE VERSTAN-DIGUNG ALS POLITISCHE HERAUSFORDERUNG. By Hans A. Fischer-Barnicol. Stuttgart, Berlin, Koln: Verlag Kohlhammer, 1991. 260pp. Pb. DM34.80. ISBN 3-17-011749-1. DER KORAN: ARABISCH-DEUTSCH: UBERSETZUNG UND WISSENSCHAFTLICHER KOMMENTAR. By Adel Theodor Khoury. Band 3: sure 2,213-2,286. Gutersloh: Gutersloher Verlagshaus Gerd Mohn, 1992. 299pp. Hb. DM175.-. ISBN 3-579-00338-0. SHIISM. By Heinz Halm. Islamic Surveys, 18. Edinburgh: Edinburgh Univ. Press, 1992. 218pp. Hb. £25.00. ISBN 0-7486-0268-2. ISLAM-LEXIKON A-Z. By Adel Th. Khoury, Ludwig Hagemann and Petet Heine. 3 vols. Freiburg i.Br.: Herder, 1991. 941pp. Pb. DM78.00. ISBN 3-451-04036-0. LEXIKON DER ISLAMISCHEN WELT. By Klaus Kreiser and Rotraud Wielandt. Vollig uberarbeitete Neuausgabe. Stuttgart, Berlin, Koln: W. Kohlhammer, 1992. 289pp. Hb. DM34.00. ISBN 3-17-011770-X. ALLMACHT UND MACHTIGKEIT: RELIGION UND WELT IM ISLAM. By Johann Christoph Burgel. Munchen: C.H. Beck, 1991. 416pp. Hb. DM48.00. ISBN 3-406-35374-6. EXEGESE, LANGUE ET THEOLOGIE EN ISLAM: L'EXEGESE CORANIQUE DE TABARI. By Claude Gilliot. Paris: J. Vrin, 1990 320pp. Pb. 252FF. ISBN 2-7116-1033-0. INTERPRETATION IN RELIGION. Edited by Shlomo Biderman and Benami Scharfstein. Leiden, New York, Koln: E.J. Brill, 1992. 290pp. Hb. DFL.125.00; $71.50. ISBN 90-04-09519-5; ISSN 0924-7904. REGIONAL. Africa. THE SUFI BROTHERHOODS IN SUDAN. By Ali Salih Karrar. London: C. Hurst, 1992. Hb. £30.00. ISBN 1-85065-111-6. THE CALL FOR DEMOCRACY IN SUDAN. By John Garang. Edited and introduced by Mansour Khalid. London: Kegan Paul International, 1992. 292pp. Pb. £12.95. ISBN 0 7103 0401 3. L'ISLAM AU CHAD. Edited by Centre D'Etude D'Afrique Noire. Bordeaux Institute. d'Etudes Politiques de Bordeaux, 1992. Collection 'Etudes et Recherches'. Pb. 150pp. Pb. 110.00FF. ISBN 2-908065-12-6; ISSN 0151-0207-20. Asia. HAUS UND FAMILIE IN ARABISCHEN LANDERN: VOM MIT-TELALTER BIS ZUM GEGENWART. By Annagret Nippa. Munchen: C.H. Beck, 1991. 244pp. Pb. DM44.00. ISBN 3-406-34603-0. NOMAD: A YEAR IN THE LIFE OF A QASHQA'I TRIBESMAN IN IRAN. By Lois Beck. London: I.B. Tauris, 1991. 489pp. Pb.£14.95. ISBN 1-85043-364-X. THE NORTH CAUCASUS BARRIER: THE RUSSIAN ADVANCE TOWARDS THE MUSLIM WORLD. Edited by Marie Bennigsen Broxup. London: C. Hurst, 1992. 252pp. Hb. £27.50. ISBN 1-85065-069-1. ISLAM IN BANGLADESH. By U.A.B. Razia Akter Banu. International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1992. 194pp. $43.00. ISBN 09-04-09497-0. Europe. THE NEW SCOTS: THE STORY OF ASIANS IN SCOTLAND. By Bashir Maan. Edinburgh: John Donald Publishers, 1992. 216pp. Pb. £9.50. ISBN 0-85976-357-9. ARABS IN EXILE: YEMENI MIGRANTS IN URBAN BRITAIN. By Fred Halliday. London: I.B. Tauris, 1992. 166pp. Hb. £35.00. ISBN 1-85043-499-9. ISLAM IN SPANISH LITERATURE: FROM THE MIDDLE AGES TO THE PRESENT. By Luce Lopex-Baralt. Leiden, New York, Koln: E.J. Brill; San Juan: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1992. 323pp. Hb. DFL.145.00; $83.00. ISBN 90-94-09460-1. Middle East. PITY THE NATION: LEBANON AT WAR. By Robert Fisk. 2nd edition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992. 703pp. Pb. £7.99. ISBN 0-19-285284-1. ARMENIA AND KARABAGH: THE STRUGGLE FOR UNITY. Edited by Christopher J. Walker. London: Minority Rights Group, 1991. 162pp. Pb. n.p. ISBN 1-873194-00-5. GENDER IN CRISIS: WOMEN AND THE PALESTINIAN RESISTANCE MOVEMENT. By Julie M. Peteet. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 1991. 245pp. Cloth $43.50, pb. $16.00. ISBN 0-231-07446-8 cloth, 0-231-07447-6 pb. POLITICS IN THE MIDDLE EAST. By Elie Kedourie. Oxford, New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1992. 366pp. Pb. £8,99. ISBN 0-19-289154-5. PALESTINE REBORN. By Walid Khalidi. London: I.B. Tauris, 1992. 234pp. Hb. £35.00, pb. £14.95. ISBN 1-85043-563-4 hb., 1-85043-559-6 pb. NASSER. By Peter Woodward. Profile in Power Series. London and New York: Longman, 1992. 167pp. Pb. £7.50. ISBN 0-582-03389-6. CHRISTIAN-MUSLIM RELATIONS. LES CHRETIENTES D'ORIENT ENTRE JIHAD ET DHIMMITUDE. By Bat Ye'or. Paris: Cerf, 1991. 529pp. Pb. FF199.00. ISBN 2-204-04347-8. NICOLAS OF CUSA IN SEARCH OF GOD AND WISDOM. Edited by Gerald Christianson and Thomas M. Izbicki. Studies in the History of Christian Thought, XLV. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1991. 298pp. Hb. DFL.140,00; $80.00. ISBN 90-04-09362-1. PRISONERS OF FAITH: A VIEW FROM WITHIN. By Nirmala Srinivasan. New Delhi, Newbury Park, London: Sage Publications, 1989. 219pp. Hb. Indian Rs 220.-. ISBN 81-7036-151 (India), 0-8039-9604-7 (US). NEW PERIODICALS ON FAITH ENCOUNTERS.     

Justice as a dependent variable: subordinate charisma as a predictor of interpersonal and informational justice perceptions

Research in the organizational justice literature has shown that interpersonal and informational justice are significant predictors of subordinate attitudes and behaviors. However, scholars have neglected to explore whether certain subordinate characteristics might be associated with managers' adherence to interpersonal and informational justice rules. The current authors' study tested a model, inspired by approach-avoidance perspectives (e.g., Gray, 1990), in which manager ratings of subordinate charisma influenced subordinate ratings of interpersonal and informational justice through the mechanisms of positive and negative sentiments (i.e., emotions felt by the manager toward the subordinate). A field study of 181 employees of a large national insurance company revealed partial support for this model. Structural equation modeling revealed that subordinate charisma was related to interpersonal justice perceptions, a relationship that was fully mediated by positive and negative sentiments. However, subordinate charisma was not associated with informational justice perceptions. These findings signal the potential utility in examining subordinate-based predictors of justice variables.     

Facial dynamics as indicators of trustworthiness and cooperative behavior

Detecting cooperative partners in situations that have financial stakes is crucial to successful social exchange. The authors tested whether humans are sensitive to subtle facial dynamics of counterparts when deciding whether to trust and cooperate. Participants played a 2-person trust game before which the facial dynamics of the other player were manipulated using brief (<6 s) but highly realistic facial animations. Results showed that facial dynamics significantly influenced participants' (a) choice of with whom to play the game and (b) decisions to cooperate. It was also found that inferences about the other player's trustworthiness mediated these effects of facial dynamics on cooperative behavior.     

Telic and Mechanistic Explanations of Mind and Meaningfulness: An Empirical Illustration

ABSTRACT Two traditions of personality theorizing, teleology and mechanism, are contrasted on their views of mind and the pivotal cognitive phenomenon of meaningfulness A major, albeit less well known, distinction between these traditions involves the assumption of time The fact that contemporary cognitive models rely on time (e g, temporal sequences or past events) places them firmly in the mechanistic tradition of personality theorizing Telic implications for cognition have been relatively overlooked, and are herein explored theoretically and empirically Cognition without temporality is described and distinguished from modern cognitive models that employ telic terminology An original study is provided to illustrate how these distinctions can be operationalized and addressed empirically     

Faithful representation,physical extensive measurement theory and Archimedean axioms

The formal methods of the representational theory of measurement (RTM) are applied to the extensive scales of physical science, with some modifications of interpretation and of formalism. The interpretative modification is in the direction of theoretical realism rather than the narrow empiricism which is characteristic of RTM. The formal issues concern the formal representational conditions which extensive scales should be assumed to satisfy; I argue in the physical case for conditions related to weak rather than strong extensive measurement, in the sense of Holman 1969 and Colonius 1978. The problem of justifying representational conditions is addressed in more detail than is customary in the RTM literature; this continues the study of the foundations of RTM begun in an earlier paper. The most important formal consequence of the present interpretation of physical extensive scales is that the basic existence and uniqueness properties of scales (representation theorem) may be derived without appeal to an Archimedean axiom; this parallels a conclusion drawn by Narens for representations of qualitative probability. It is concluded that there is no physical basis for postulation of an Archimedean axiom.     

Intrinsicality and Grounding

A number of philosophers have recently claimed that intrinsicality can be analysed in terms of the metaphysical notion of grounding. Since grounding is a hyperintensional notion, accounts of intrinsicality in terms of grounding, unlike most other accounts, promise to be able to discriminate between necessarily coextensive properties that differ in whether they are intrinsic. They therefore promise to be compatible with popular metaphysical theories that posit necessary entities and necessary connections between wholly distinct entities, on which it is plausible that there are such properties. This paper argues that this promise is illusory. It is not possible to give an analysis of intrinsicality in terms of grounding that is consistent with these theories. Given an adequate analysis should be compatible with these theories, it follows that it is not possible to analyse intrinsicality in terms of grounding.