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91.
92.
Eileen M. Brennan Ellen B. Ryan William E. Dawson 《Journal of psycholinguistic research》1975,4(1):27-36
In each of three experiments, 24 students judged the accentedness present in the speech of eight Spanish-English bilinguals.Ss gave magnitude estimations and also squeezed a hand dynamometer to indicate the amount of accentedness in the reading of an English passage by each of the speakers. There was significant agreement amongSs regarding the speech samples with each scaling method, and interscale agreement was good. Power functions fitted to the data had exponents falling in the range expected from earlier psychophysical studies. Scale values correlated significantly with the frequency of accented pronunciations by the speakers as judged by two independent judges. The use of these scaling methods for future research on linguistic features of accent and on the relation between accent and language attitudes is discussed. 相似文献
93.
Using the assumption of randomly parallel tests and concepts from generalizability theory, three signal/noise ratios for domain-referenced
tests are developed, discussed, and compared. The three ratios have the same noise but different signals depending upon the
kind of decision to be made as a result of measurement. It is also shown that these ratios incorporate a definition of noise
or error which is different from the classical definition of noise typically used to characterize norm-referenced tests.
Part of the work leading to this paper was accomplished while the authors were assistant professors at the State University
of New York at Stony Brook. 相似文献
94.
Phillips NK Hammen CL Brennan PA Najman JM Bor W 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2005,33(1):13-24
The current study was a prospective exploration of the specificity of early childhood adversities as predictors of anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents. Participants were 816 adolescents (414~males, 402 females) with diagnostic information collected at age 15; information on early adversities had been collected from the mothers during pregnancy, at birth, age 6 months, and age 5~years for a related study. Adolescents with pure anxiety disorders were compared with adolescents with pure depressive disorders (major depressive disorder, dysthymia), and these groups were compared to never-ill controls. Analyses controlled for gender and maternal depression and anxiety disorders. Results indicated that adolescents with anxiety disorders were more likely than depressed youth to have been exposed to various early stressors, such as maternal prenatal stress, multiple maternal partner changes, and more total adversities, whereas few early childhood variables predicted depressive disorders. Even when current family stressors at age 15 were controlled, early adversity variables again significantly predicted anxiety disorders. Results suggest that anxiety disorders may be more strongly related to early stress exposure, while depressive disorders may be related to more proximal stressors or to early stressors not assessed in the current study. 相似文献
95.
Software packages for microcomputer interactive questionnaires are becoming readily available to a wide group of business researchers. Potential users have a series of interrelated decisions regarding the most appropriate software and hardware for their specific needs. This article outlines important features that researchers must consider in their decisions under five dimensions: Survey research, question presentation, documentation, hardware, and monetary.This project was supported by a faculty grant from the Educational Improvement Fund of the University of Hawaii awarded to the first author. Portions of this paper were presented to the American Marketing Association 3rd Annual Microcomputers in Marketing Education Workshop at the California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, California, October 26–28, 1986. 相似文献
96.
Medical ethics and medical injuries: taking our duties seriously 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
97.
The Policy and Program Information Form-Ideal Form (POLIF-I) was developed to assess preferences of older adults for the policies and services of group living facilities. Compared with older community residents (n = 205), congregate apartment residents (n = 229) prefer facilities that have higher behavioral standards, deemphasize supportive services and formal avenues for resident influence, and emphasize privacy. In contrast to older respondents, experts (n = 44) prefer settings with lower behavioral standards, more supportive services, more resident input, and more privacy. Sociodemographic characteristics (marital status, occupation, education, age, gender) and functional ability are weakly associated with the policy and service preferences of older respondents. The POLIF-I has several applications, including examination of the congruence between residents' preferences and the actual policies and services of group living facilities. 相似文献
98.
Originally formulated to understand the recurrence of depressive disorders, the stress generation hypothesis has recently been applied in research on anxiety and externalizing disorders. Results from these investigations, in combination with findings of extensive comorbidity between depression and other mental disorders, suggest the need for an expansion of stress generation models to include the stress generating effects of transdiagnostic pathology as well as those of specific syndromes. Employing latent variable modeling techniques to parse the general and specific elements of commonly co-occurring Axis I syndromes, the current study examined the associations of transdiagnostic internalizing and externalizing dimensions with stressful life events over time. Analyses revealed that, after adjusting for the covariation between the dimensions, internalizing was a significant predictor of interpersonal dependent stress, whereas externalizing was a significant predictor of noninterpersonal dependent stress. Neither latent dimension was associated with the occurrence of independent, or fateful, stressful life events. At the syndrome level, once variance due to the internalizing factor was partialed out, unipolar depression contributed incrementally to the generation of interpersonal dependent stress. In contrast, the presence of panic disorder produced a "stress inhibition" effect, predicting reduced exposure to interpersonal dependent stress. Additionally, dysthymia was associated with an excess of noninterpersonal dependent stress. The latent variable modeling framework used here is discussed in terms of its potential as an integrative model for stress generation research. 相似文献
99.
The tendency to appraise naturally occurring life events (LEs) as having high negative impact may be a predisposing factor
for the development of depression and anxiety disorders. In the current study, appraisals of the negative impact of recent
LEs were examined in relationship to depressive and anxiety disorders in a sample of 653 adolescents who were administered
diagnostic and life stress interviews at ages 15 and 20. Participants’ appraisals of the negative impact of LEs reported at
age 15 were statistically adjusted using investigator-based ratings to control for objective differences across LEs. Higher
appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were associated with both past and current depressive and anxiety disorders at age
15 and predicted subsequent first onsets of depressive and anxiety disorders occurring between ages 15 and 20. In addition,
appraisals of the negative impact of LEs were particularly elevated among those experiencing both a depressive and anxiety
disorder over the course of the study. The findings suggest that systematically elevated appraisals of the negative impact
of LEs are a predisposing factor for depression and anxiety disorders and may represent a specific risk factor for co-morbid
depression and anxiety in mid-adolescence and early adulthood. 相似文献
100.
The present study investigated whether an intervention aimed to increase cognitive ability in older adults also changes the personality trait of openness to experience. Older adults completed a 16-week program in inductive reasoning training supplemented by weekly crossword and Sudoku puzzles. Changes in openness to experience were modeled across four assessments over 30 weeks using latent growth curve models. Results indicate that participants in the intervention condition increased in the trait of openness compared with a waitlist control group. The study is one of the first to demonstrate that personality traits can change through nonpsychopharmocological interventions. 相似文献