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61.
Cox PD Ilfeld F Ilfeld BS Brennan C 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2000,50(1):3-24; discussions 25-51
Despite being practiced widely and applied to many conditions, group therapy is underutilized in some segments of the market. One important reason for its underuse is the lack of a model for group program development. Program development requires an integrated effort involving many disciplines. Effective collaboration between clinicians and administrators is an essential but underappreciated component in the development of group programs in independent practice associations. 相似文献
62.
Self-report measures of adult attachment are typically scored in ways (e.g., averaging or summing items) that can lead to erroneous inferences about important theoretical issues, such as the degree of continuity in attachment security and the differential stability of insecure attachment patterns. To determine whether existing attachment scales suffer from scaling problems, the authors conducted an item response theory (IRT) analysis of 4 commonly used self-report inventories: Experiences in Close Relationships scales (K. A. Brennan, C. L. Clark, & P. R. Shaver, 1998), Adult Attachment Scales (N. L. Collins & S. J. Read, 1990), Relationship Styles Questionnaire (D. W. Griffin & K. Bartholomew, 1994) and J. Simpson's (1990) attachment scales. Data from 1,085 individuals were analyzed using F. Samejima's (1969) graded response model. The authors' findings indicate that commonly used attachment scales can be improved in a number of important ways. Accordingly, the authors show how IRT techniques can be used to develop new attachment scales with desirable psychometric properties. 相似文献
63.
Data were collected on 10 newswriters in a newspaper's newsroom. These included self-reported stress ratings and saliva samples for secretary immunoglobulin A (IgA) analysis. The stress ratings and saliva samples were taken initially and after three 30-min. periods. The first time period was a baseline measure and involved the workers engaging in their usual tasks. At Time 2 music was presented for 30 min. while workers engaged in their normal activities. At Time 3 workers resumed their normal duties. Findings showed an increase in IgA that was not statistically significant, a reduction in stress during the music period that was statistically significant, and a statistically significant negative correlation between stress and IgA. 相似文献
64.
Servatius RJ Natelson BH Moldow R Pogach L Brennan FX Ottenweller JE 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2000,3(4):263-274
Many researchers have studied acute responses to stress in animals and how they are modified by prior stressor exposure, but relatively few have examined whether responses to stressors might last for prolonged periods of time. We have previously demonstrated that trough plasma corticosterone levels in rats are elevated for three to five days after single or repeated exposures to mild restraint and inescapable tailshock. The current study measured other aspects of the adrenal axis, and activity in other neuroendocrine systems, 24 hours after one or three consecutive exposures to the same stress paradigm. The data indicated persistent activation of the adrenal axis and prolactin levels, whereas the thyroid and reproductive hormone axes were inhibited after either one or three stress sessions. These changes are remarkable in that one would have expected acute responses to even intense stressors to have ended within hours after the end of the stressor. It will be important to understand the interactions among these responding neuroendocrine systems and to know how long such persistent changes last. Finally, it will be critical to understand the relative contributions of neuroendocrine and psychological factors in maintaining these persistent neuroendocrine changes after exposure to intense stressors. 相似文献
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The notion of a spontaneous social order, an order in human affairs which operates without the intervention of any directly ordering mind, has a natural fascination for social and political theorists. This paper provides a taxonomy under which there are two broadly contrasting sorts of spontaneous social order. One is the familiar invisible hand; the other is an arrangement that we describe as the intangible hand. The paper is designed to serve two main purposes. First, to provide a pure account of the invisible hand, with some indication of the varieties of invisible hand (and, indeed, backhand) available. Second, to develop and motivate the unfamiliar conception of the intangible backhand. We believe that a recognition of the availability of this latter sort of spontaneous organising mechanism — and the mechanism is implicitly recognised in many traditions — is of great importance in political theory; it is of particular importance nowadays when the usual focus is entirely on the invisible hand. 相似文献
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The aim of the present study was to investigate the temporal stability of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) in a clinical population with documented brain pathology, stable cognitive deficits, and for whom repeated testing is common: chronic severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 34 patients at least 1 year post severe TBI living at a large residential rehabilitation facility. The WCST was administered in standard fashion with both the standard and 64-card versions scored. All derived scores with norms were examined. Results indicated acceptable temporal stability of most scores for both the standard and short WCST, although the stability of the WCST-64 was poorer than for the standard WCST. Three sets of significant change indices are provided for clinical use. 相似文献
69.
A current debate in psycholinguistics concerns how speakers take addressees' knowledge or needs into account during the packaging of utterances. In retelling stories, speakers are more likely to mention atypical instruments than easily inferrable, typical instruments; in a seminal study, Brown and Dell (1987) suggested that this is not an adjustment to addressees but is simply easiest for speakers. They concluded that manipulating addressees' knowledge did not affect speakers' mention of instruments. However, their addressees were confederates who heard the same stories repeatedly. We had speakers retell stories to naive addressees who either saw or did not see a picture illustrating the main action and instrument. When addressees lacked pictures, speakers were more likely to mention atypical instruments, to mention them early (within the same clause as the action verb), and to mark atypical instruments as indefinite. This suggests that with visual copresence, speakers can take addressees' knowledge into account in early syntactic choices. 相似文献
70.