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211.
212.
Brendan A. Rich Melissa A. Brotman Daniel P. Dickstein Derek G. V. Mitchell R. James R. Blair Ellen Leibenluft 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):695-706
Studying attention in the context of emotional stimuli may aid in differentiating pediatric bipolar disorder (BD) from severe
mood dysregulation (SMD). SMD is characterized by chronic irritability, arousal, and hyper-reactivity; SMD youth frequently
receive a BD diagnosis although they do not meet DSM-IV criteria for BD because they lack manic episodes. We compared 57 BD
(14.4 ± 2.9 years old, 56% male), 41 SMD (12.6 ± 2.6 years old, 66% male), and 33 control subjects (13.7 ± 2.5 years old,
52% male) using the Emotional Interrupt task, which examines how attention is impacted by positive, negative, or neutral distracters.
We compared reaction time (RT) and accuracy and calculated attention interference scores by subtracting performance on neutral
trials from emotional trials. Between-group analyses indicated that SMD subjects had significantly reduced attention interference
from emotional distracters relative to BD and control subjects. Thus, attention in SMD youth was not modulated by emotional
stimuli. This blunted response in SMD youth may contribute to their affective and behavioral dysregulation. 相似文献
213.
Chikako Ozawa-de Silva Brendan Ozawa-de Silva 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2010,49(1):147-161
Adapted from a Shin Buddhist style of meditation, Naikan (" inner-looking ") is a week-long contemplative practice that involves reviewing one's life from the perspectives of others and has been called an indigenous Japanese psychotherapy due to its effectiveness in treating a variety of disorders. Data collected during an extended ethnographic study of Naikan in both Japan and Austria reveal that Naikan, a "secularized" practice that removes overtly Buddhist references and practices, effects changes in clients' subjectivity that are strikingly similar to those sought after in Buddhist traditions. This suggests that Naikan operates therapeutically on an existential level and employs cognitive techniques that, while originating in Buddhism, remain efficacious outside a Buddhist context. The potential for certain contemplative practices to effect transformations of subjectivity across religious and cultural contexts may be greater than commonly assumed. 相似文献
214.
Introduction: Initially proposed as a treatment modality for psychological disorders, mindfulness is now being promoted as a means of enhancing both therapist self care and therapeutic efficacy. The degree to which mindfulness can be learned by therapists to manage their own and clients' processes in therapy is as yet unknown. This study examines training outcomes of a standardised introductory mindfulness programme for mental health professionals. Methods: Forty-seven mental health professionals completed an eight-week mindful therapy (MT) training programme and associated measures. Results: Compared with baseline scores, participants demonstrated knowledge acquisition on all measures, including increased mindfulness in clinical work, increased capacity to intentionally invoke mindful states of consciousness, and higher participant ratings of well-being over the course of training sessions. Discussion: This research provides preliminary evidence that a brief, standardised mindfulness training programme can achieve acceptable knowledge and skills outcomes for therapists that can aid their therapeutic practice. Of note, increased ‘therapeutic mindfulness’ in this study resulted from changed mindfulness ‘attitudes’ (i.e. a more accepting and equanimous orientation within therapeutic work) as opposed to a clear demonstration of increased attention-regulation skills. The implications of these and other results for programme development and wider research are discussed. 相似文献
215.
A common assumption implicit in cognitive models is that lexical semantics can be approximated by using randomly generated
representations to stand in for word meaning. However, the use of random representations contains the hidden assumption that
semantic similarity is symmetrically distributed across randomly selected words or between instances within a semantic category.
We evaluated this assumption by computing similarity distributions for randomly selected words from a number of well-known
semantic measures and comparing them with the distributions from random representations commonly used in cognitive models.
The similarity distributions from all semantic measures were positively skewed compared with the symmetric normal distributions
assumed by random representations. We discuss potential consequences that this false assumption may have for conclusions drawn
from process models that use random representations. 相似文献
216.
The permutation test follows directly from the procedure in a comparative experiment, does not depend on a known distribution
for error, and is sometimes more sensitive to real effects than are the corresponding parametric tests. Despite its advantages,
the permutation test is seldom (if ever) applied to factorial designs because of the computational load that they impose.
We propose two methods to limit the computation load. We show, first, that orthogonal contrasts limit the computational load
and, second, that when combined with Gill’s (2007) algorithm, the factorial permutation test is both practical and efficient.
For within-subjects designs, the factorial permutation test is equivalent to an ANOVA when the latter’s assumptions have been
met. For between-subjects designs, the factorial test is conservative. Code to execute the routines described in this article
may be downloaded from http://brm.psychonomic-journals.org/content/supplemental. 相似文献
217.
Adam Rutland Lindsey Cameron Laura Bennett Jennifer Ferrell 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2005,26(6):699
This paper examined the influence of interracial contact and racial constancy on the racial intergroup bias of young Anglo-British children. This multi-site study was conducted in areas of Great Britain that varied in terms of racial diversity. The study also investigated whether preschool children express bias on positive, but not negative, valence attributions. Anglo-British children (N = 136) between 3 and 5 years of age with different levels of interracial contact undertook a racial stereotype attribution measure and three tasks to assess racial constancy. Significantly more racial bias was shown towards the African Caribbean-British compared to the Asian-British or Oriental-British racial out-groups. As predicted, only children in racially mixed areas failed to show discrimination in favor of the white in-group on both the positive and negative trait attributions. In addition, higher racial constancy was related significantly to greater racial intergroup bias. These findings suggest that racial intergroup bias amongst 3–5 year old children may be reduced through the promotion of interracial contact, because at this age children are already beginning to develop racial constancy. 相似文献
218.
219.
Pevitr S. Bansal Daniel A. Waschbusch Sarah M. Haas Dara E. Babinski Sara King Brendan F. Andrade Michael T. Willoughby 《Behavior Therapy》2019,50(1):1-14
The purpose of this study was to examine whether callous–unemotional (CU) traits moderated the effects of intensive behavior therapy in elementary school-age children with varying levels of conduct problems (CP). Both treatment response (magnitude of change between pre- and posttreatment) and treatment outcomes (likelihood of normalization from treatment) were examined. Participants were 67 children (n = 49 boys, Mage = 9.6 years) with varying levels of CP and CU who participated in an intensive 8-week summer treatment program (STP) in which behavior therapy was delivered to children in recreational and classroom settings and to parents via weekly parent training sessions. Effects of treatment were measured using parent and teacher ratings of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), callous behavior, and impairment. Results showed that CU moderated treatment effects for CD and callous behavior but not ODD or impairment. The moderating effects showed some evidence that participants with high CP and high CU before treatment had better treatment responses (larger change between pre- and posttreatment) but worse treatment outcomes (lower likelihood of normalization after treatment). These results suggest that intensive treatment, such as the STP, may be necessary but not sufficient for children with CP and CU traits. 相似文献
220.
Brendan Larvor 《Erkenntnis》2008,68(3):393-407
This article canvasses five senses in which one might introduce an historical element into the philosophy of mathematics:
1. The temporal dimension of logic; 2. Explanatory Appeal to Context rather than to General Principles; 3. Heraclitean Flux;
4. All history is the History of Thought; and 5. History is Non-Judgmental. It concludes by adapting Bernard Williams’ distinction
between ‘history of philosophy’ and ‘history of ideas’ to argue that the philosophy of mathematics is unavoidably historical,
but need not and must not merge with historiography.
相似文献
Brendan LarvorEmail: |