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171.
This study examined whether expecting prejudice is demotivating. Women were led to believe they were being evaluated for a co‐manager position. They were randomly assigned to receive information that the evaluator held negative attitudes toward women or that he did not. We hypothesized that compared to women led to believe that the evaluator was unprejudiced, women led to believe the evaluator was prejudiced would: (a) have lower expectations for being chosen as co‐manager; (b) place less value on being chosen as co‐manager; and (c) be less motivated to perform a task that would influence selection as co‐manager. We predicted that the effect of prejudice on motivation would be mediated by expectations and valuing of success. Results were consistent with predictions. 相似文献
172.
Holly Etchegary Louise Lemyre Brenda Wilson 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2010,29(3):171-187
As increasing numbers of people are identified at risk for multi-factorial diseases, questions of how to assess, communicate
and manage genetic risk will be critical from health services and policy perspectives. However, there is currently no evidence-based
genetic risk assessment and management framework to assist policy makers, clinicians and other stakeholders. A comprehensive
psychosocial framework for risk assessment and management has been developed in the context of security hazards or threats.
In an adaptation of that model, we present the Psychosocial Genetics Risk Assessment and Management framework (PG-RAM). It
offers principles to enhance the integration of evidence-based best practices into genetics health services, as well as to
identify issues, knowledge and gaps. The framework identifies the core elements of the situation, effects, population and
interventions, all spanning several phases of genetic disorders. The framework provides an excellent starting point for knowledge
syntheses in the context of genetic risk and could serve as the conceptual basis for practical tool development to guide healthcare
professionals and decision makers in preparing for and responding to the psychosocial aspects of genetic risk. 相似文献
173.
Brenda L. Volling Ph.D. Alysia Y. Blandon M.A. Amy M. Kolak Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(4):489-502
The early years of toddlerhood mark the emergence of self-regulation and the child's ability to comply with parental requests. The current study examined young children's compliance and noncompliance in a family context by observing mothers, fathers, and two children in a family clean-up paradigm. Marital conflict and mutual responsiveness in the parent-child relationship were used as predictors of children's early self-regulation in an effort to explore risk and protective factors within the family. Several interactions between mother and father behavior as well as between marital conflict and parenting revealed how father-infant attachment moderates the effects of mother-infant attachment on children's compliance and how a close father-child relationship can protect children from the risks associated with high levels of marital conflict. Results indicate that future research on children's early self-regulation needs to be more systemic and move beyond the traditional mother-child dyadic context. 相似文献
174.
In this study, we examine several key psychometric properties (reliability, construct validity, concurrent validity) of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCD-Q) using a large, school-based sample of children (n=523) and their parents. Children completed the Children's Self-perceptions of Adequacy in and Predilection toward Physical Activity (CSAPPA) and parents completed the DCD-Q. The internal reliability of the DCD-Q was high for both the full scale and the subscales. Confirmatory factor analysis established that the scale was multifactorial, but the fit of the hypothesized factor structure was poor. Finally, moderate correlations were observed between the CSAPPA and the DCD-Q, with the strongest correlation found between the "perceived adequacy" subscale of the CSAPPA and "control during movement" subscale of the DCD-Q. Implications for screening and further research are discussed in relation to both instruments. 相似文献
175.
176.
Poul Rohleder Leslie Swartz Ronelle Carolissen Vivienne Bozalek Brenda Leibowitz 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(3):253-267
The question of what constitutes ‘a community’ or even ‘the community’ takes on an extra salience in a divided society such as South Africa where the entire environment remains imprinted with the legacy of enforced segregation along racial lines. Higher education institutions need to prepare emerging health and social service students for the world of practice in a context of diversity, continuing segregation and marked inequality. As one step to helping students deal with working in a divided society, academic departments from two different South African universities have been involved in a collaborative teaching and research project. Fourth year psychology and social work students from the two universities took part in a collaborative, practical course which formed part of their curricula. In this course, students were given the opportunity to engage with the notion of ‘community’ and ‘community work’ with each other. The students came from diverse racial, class and political backgrounds, and by engaging with one another as they did, had the opportunity to ‘visit’ worlds they have rarely had access to. While this course was able to achieve a broadening awareness among students from different backgrounds about the notion of community, it will take both more engagement with courses of this kind, and a continuing history of change in South Africa, for students to feel more comfortable in transcending both physical and psychological boundaries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
177.
Berney J. Wilkinson Richard M. Marshall Brenda Curtwright 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):582-598
We examined the relationship between Tourette’s Disorder (TD) and parent reported stress. About 84 parents of children with
TD participated by completing questionnaires assessing parental stress, TD symptom severity, co-morbid disorders, services
received by the child, and parents’ perception of their child’s academic ability. The results indicate that parent reported
stress reached clinically significant levels when a co-morbid disorder was present, but not with a diagnosis of TD alone.
Similarly, parents report higher levels of stress when they view their child as performing below other students academically.
Finally, the types of services that the child receives were found to have little or no relationship to parent reported stress.
Limitations of this study, directions for future research, and implications for intervention are discussed. 相似文献
178.
179.
Falcomata TS Northup JA Dutt A Stricker JM Vinquist KM Engebretson BJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(3):429-434
This bridge study evaluated the effects of contingency-specifying instructions (CSIs) and incomplete instructions (IIs) in terms of establishing instructional control of appropriate behavior. Results suggested that instructional control and maintenance were achieved with CSIs but not with IIs. Results are discussed in terms of the potential use of instructional control in the maintenance of appropriate behavior for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 相似文献
180.
Janghan Lee Yungsik Lim Simon J Graham Gho Kim Brenda K Wiederhold Mark D Wiederhold In Y Kim Sun I Kim 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2004,7(6):705-713
Smokers who are exposed to cues associated with smoking show cardiovascular reactivity and an increase in smoking urges as compared to when they are presented with neutral cues. Cue exposure therapy (CET), which refers to the repeated exposure to drug-related cues in order to extinguish this learned association, has increasingly been proposed as a potential treatment of addictive behaviors, including tobacco smoking. The result of our pilot study suggests that a cue elicited using a virtual environment (VE) is more effective than other cue exposure devices. The VE was composed of craving environments (virtual bar) and objects (an alcoholic drink, a packet of cigarettes, a lighter, an ashtray, a glass of beer, and advertising posters) that are likely to trigger craving, a smoking avatar, and an audio environment that included the noisy sound and music of a restaurant. Sixteen late-adolescent males who smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day were recruited to participate in the VE-CET study. The CET virtual bar program consisted of six sessions, and the participants were exposed repeatedly to each session using different questions and procedures. Although the effects of CET did not yield significant reductions in all of the dependent variables, the craving for cigarettes was gradually decreased during the course of the sessions. This tendency was closely related to the reduction in the smoking count between the morning before the experiment and the start of the experiment. Based on these preliminary results, it appears that VE-CET maybe a useful tool to use in treatment programs to help reduce craving in those who are nicotine dependent. 相似文献