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151.
Poul Rohleder Leslie Swartz Ronelle Carolissen Vivienne Bozalek Brenda Leibowitz 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2008,18(3):253-267
The question of what constitutes ‘a community’ or even ‘the community’ takes on an extra salience in a divided society such as South Africa where the entire environment remains imprinted with the legacy of enforced segregation along racial lines. Higher education institutions need to prepare emerging health and social service students for the world of practice in a context of diversity, continuing segregation and marked inequality. As one step to helping students deal with working in a divided society, academic departments from two different South African universities have been involved in a collaborative teaching and research project. Fourth year psychology and social work students from the two universities took part in a collaborative, practical course which formed part of their curricula. In this course, students were given the opportunity to engage with the notion of ‘community’ and ‘community work’ with each other. The students came from diverse racial, class and political backgrounds, and by engaging with one another as they did, had the opportunity to ‘visit’ worlds they have rarely had access to. While this course was able to achieve a broadening awareness among students from different backgrounds about the notion of community, it will take both more engagement with courses of this kind, and a continuing history of change in South Africa, for students to feel more comfortable in transcending both physical and psychological boundaries. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
152.
Berney J. Wilkinson Richard M. Marshall Brenda Curtwright 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(4):582-598
We examined the relationship between Tourette’s Disorder (TD) and parent reported stress. About 84 parents of children with
TD participated by completing questionnaires assessing parental stress, TD symptom severity, co-morbid disorders, services
received by the child, and parents’ perception of their child’s academic ability. The results indicate that parent reported
stress reached clinically significant levels when a co-morbid disorder was present, but not with a diagnosis of TD alone.
Similarly, parents report higher levels of stress when they view their child as performing below other students academically.
Finally, the types of services that the child receives were found to have little or no relationship to parent reported stress.
Limitations of this study, directions for future research, and implications for intervention are discussed. 相似文献
153.
154.
Falcomata TS Northup JA Dutt A Stricker JM Vinquist KM Engebretson BJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(3):429-434
This bridge study evaluated the effects of contingency-specifying instructions (CSIs) and incomplete instructions (IIs) in terms of establishing instructional control of appropriate behavior. Results suggested that instructional control and maintenance were achieved with CSIs but not with IIs. Results are discussed in terms of the potential use of instructional control in the maintenance of appropriate behavior for children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. 相似文献
155.
Janghan Lee Yungsik Lim Simon J Graham Gho Kim Brenda K Wiederhold Mark D Wiederhold In Y Kim Sun I Kim 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2004,7(6):705-713
Smokers who are exposed to cues associated with smoking show cardiovascular reactivity and an increase in smoking urges as compared to when they are presented with neutral cues. Cue exposure therapy (CET), which refers to the repeated exposure to drug-related cues in order to extinguish this learned association, has increasingly been proposed as a potential treatment of addictive behaviors, including tobacco smoking. The result of our pilot study suggests that a cue elicited using a virtual environment (VE) is more effective than other cue exposure devices. The VE was composed of craving environments (virtual bar) and objects (an alcoholic drink, a packet of cigarettes, a lighter, an ashtray, a glass of beer, and advertising posters) that are likely to trigger craving, a smoking avatar, and an audio environment that included the noisy sound and music of a restaurant. Sixteen late-adolescent males who smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day were recruited to participate in the VE-CET study. The CET virtual bar program consisted of six sessions, and the participants were exposed repeatedly to each session using different questions and procedures. Although the effects of CET did not yield significant reductions in all of the dependent variables, the craving for cigarettes was gradually decreased during the course of the sessions. This tendency was closely related to the reduction in the smoking count between the morning before the experiment and the start of the experiment. Based on these preliminary results, it appears that VE-CET maybe a useful tool to use in treatment programs to help reduce craving in those who are nicotine dependent. 相似文献
156.
157.
Holly Etchegary Fiona Miller Sonya deLaat Brenda Wilson June Carroll Mario Cappelli 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):252-264
Since genetic information has implications for family members, some choices about genetic risk may be influenced by perceptions
of responsibility to relatives. Drawing upon 25 semi-structured interviews with test recipients in Canada, this study explored
decisions about inherited breast-ovarian and colon cancer. Qualitative data analysis revealed the pervasive significance of
genetic responsibility in test decisions. We highlight three dimensions of genetic responsibility: 1) to know about the self
for self; 2) to know about the self for others; 3) to know about the self to oblige others to know. It is argued that these
dimensions of genetic responsibility have implications for test decisions, family relationships and other family members’
desire to know (or not know) and to act (or not act) with respect to their own genetic risk. In particular, genetic responsibility
may play out as a framing of a relative’s moral obligation to know their risk that could obviate any interest they might have
in not knowing. We conclude that perceptions of responsibility to—and of−other family members be thoroughly explored in genetic
counseling sessions. 相似文献
158.
Mary K. Murphy Brenda Chabon Arelis Delgado Howard Newville Stephen E. Nicolson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(1):77-86
Approximately 25% of US hospital beds are occupied by individuals with active substance use disorders (SUD). Acute medical
hospitalization provides an opportunity to address SUDs and provide patient-centered intervention and referral for treatment.
Nationally, some hospitals have developed substance abuse consultation departments to improve the care of hospitalized substance
users. In this paper we describe the Addiction Psychiatry Service (APS) in a large urban hospital which provides bed-side
SUD consultation, screening, intervention and referral to treatment. APS utilizes the multiple disciplines of psychology,
social work and medicine to integrate substance abuse services throughout the hospital and educate future generations of medical
and psychology trainees. We conclude with how the APS service is informing the development of similar programs in other academic
departments within our hospital and best practice recommendations to further disseminate this service model. 相似文献
159.
Brenda Watson 《Journal of Beliefs & Values》2009,30(2):133-144
The article seeks to further debate on what we mean by education and how it is to be distinguished from incipient indoctrination. Starting from the politicisation of education, it draws attention to three powerful agendas impacting on the education systems of the West: positivism, utilitarianism, and inclusivism. Intertwined in various ways, these agendas have had the effect of silently restricting understanding of education, moving it closer to a form of control and policing. Some discussion of their impact on music education is given to help clarify what is at stake. A substantial critique of these agendas is then offered before concluding with a brief indication of a way forward. 相似文献
160.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of a rape victim's physical attractiveness and resistance to rape on subjects' attributions of responsibility for the crime, certainty of the defendant's guilt, and social perceptions of the rape victim and defendant. Subjects' pretrial empathy toward rape victims and rapists was assessed by scores on the Rape Empathy Scale (RES). In addition to significant sex differences in attributions of responsibility for the incident, subjects' pretrial empathy toward rape victims and rapists was predictive of their perceptions of the rape victim, the defendant, and the rape incident. Victim resistance and attractiveness effects were significant in that subjects responded least favorably to the unattractive rape victim, particularly when she resisted the rape by fighting with her attacker. Male subjects and subjects who exhibited low empathy toward the rape victim were more responsive to subtle manipulations of victim resistance and attractiveness than were females and high RES subjects. Several explanations for these results focus on the cognitive and affective responses of subjects. The implications of the study are discussed in relation to societal attitudes toward rape and the role of sexrole stereotyping, which fosters these attitudes.The present research was supported by National Institutes of Health Biomedical Research Support Grant #5-SO7-RRO7127-09 and National Science Foundation Grant #SES-8012316 to Sheila R. Deitz. The authors express their appreciation to Nancy Williams, Joanne Moran, Bill Willging, David Small, David Waldman, and Robert Kingsley for their assistance in data collection and analysis.Correspondence should be sent to Sheila R. Deitz, now at Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy, University of Virginia, Box 100, Blue Ridge Hospital, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901. Copies of the Rape Empathy Scale and an extended report on the reliability and validity of scale are available from this author. 相似文献