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211.
Wagoner B 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2008,42(3):315-323
Narrative is the primary medium through which experience is represented, remembered and shared with others. It has the tendency
to unify experience in an abstract linear form. The degree to which this is done is designated narrative form. Mori uses a multidimensional single case analysis to explore how the form of a narrative differs between an experience of
real contact with the environment and an experience communicated by another or a ‘real’ experience repeated several times
in conversation. I commend Mori’s experimental setup as modeling everyday life activities and for arriving at a theory that
applies to all cases. However, I argue (using data from my own experiment on narrative and remembering) that the idiographic approach can
be fruitfully supplemented with (1) an analysis of the sample as a whole and (2) narrative content in addition to form.
Brady Wagoner is completing his Ph.D. in psychology at University of Cambridge, with the support of the Gates Cambridge Trust and the ORS award. His main interests are the history of psychology, sociogenetic thought (e.g. Bartlett, Janet, Mead, Vygotsky, etc.), various psychological philosophies (e.g. existentialism and pragmatism), the experimental study of perceiving and remembering, and the absurd pursuit of mountain summits. He is on the editorial board of three international Journals (the International Journal of Dialogical Science, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science and Psychology and Society) and is co-creator of the F.C. Bartlett internet archive [accessed at: ]. He is currently editing two books to be published in 2009: Symbolic Transformations: the mind in movement through culture and society (Routledge) and Culture and Social Change: Transforming society through the power of ideas (Information Age). 相似文献
Brady WagonerEmail: |
Brady Wagoner is completing his Ph.D. in psychology at University of Cambridge, with the support of the Gates Cambridge Trust and the ORS award. His main interests are the history of psychology, sociogenetic thought (e.g. Bartlett, Janet, Mead, Vygotsky, etc.), various psychological philosophies (e.g. existentialism and pragmatism), the experimental study of perceiving and remembering, and the absurd pursuit of mountain summits. He is on the editorial board of three international Journals (the International Journal of Dialogical Science, Integrative Psychological and Behavioral Science and Psychology and Society) and is co-creator of the F.C. Bartlett internet archive [accessed at: ]. He is currently editing two books to be published in 2009: Symbolic Transformations: the mind in movement through culture and society (Routledge) and Culture and Social Change: Transforming society through the power of ideas (Information Age). 相似文献
212.
213.
The present commentary addresses two issues arising from Memmert’s (2010) paper. First, can the ‘misdirection’ and ‘inattentional blindness’ paradigms provide important insights into the relationship between ‘overt’ and ‘covert’ attentional processes? Second, what are the most fruitful directions for research that seeks to combine these attentional paradigms in ecologically valid settings? We argue that although Memmert’s (2010) paper postulates several important differences between the misdirection and inattentional blindness paradigms, it may not emphasise sufficiently strongly the significant insights into attention that have been yielded by the former approach. To illustrate, we discuss the utility of the misdirection paradigm in providing an ecologically valid method to investigate the relationship between overt and covert attentional processes. Such naturalistic methods are required to ensure optimal integration of the misdirection and inattentional blindness paradigms within a general theory of attention. 相似文献
214.
Kimber L. Price Michael E. Saladin Nathaniel L. Baker Stacia M. DeSantis Kathleen T. Brady 《Behaviour research and therapy》2010,48(9):860-72
Conditioned responses to drug-related environmental cues (such as craving) play a critical role in relapse to drug use. Animal models demonstrate that repeated exposure to drug-associated cues in the absence of drug administration leads to the extinction of conditioned responses, but the few existing clinical trials focused on extinction of conditioned responses to drug-related cues in drug-dependent individuals show equivocal results. The current study examined drug-related cue reactivity and response extinction in a laboratory setting in methamphetamine-dependent individuals. Methamphetamine cue-elicited craving was extinguished during two sessions of repeated (3) within-session exposures to multi-modal (picture, video, and in-vivo) cues, with no evidence of spontaneous recovery between sessions. A trend was noted for a greater attenuation of response in participants with longer (4-7 day) inter-session intervals. These results indicate that extinction of drug cue conditioned responding occurs in methamphetamine-dependent individuals, offering promise for the development of extinction- based treatment strategies. 相似文献
215.
A “bottom-up” Big Five disposition-situation interaction model is introduced that highlights the interactive relation between an individual's behavioral trait tendencies and the different facets of a situation to which he or she may respond. In the proposed model, personality traits are considered markers for how an individual might interpret and respond to different facets of a situation. Given a complex situation with multiple response options, a person will respond to the part of the situation most salient to him or her at that time. The presented model illustrates how interactions between the trait dimensions of the Big Five model with the different facets of a situational context, as well as the intra-individual interactions between the different trait dimensions themselves, determine which facet of a situation will be salient. The model is expected to improve prediction of specific behaviors in specific situations using personality traits. Results from an illustrative study are presented. 相似文献
216.
Using an identity matching-to-sample procedure, normally developing prereaders who matched individual letters with high accuracy (e.g., m and s) did not show high accuracy in matching three-letter printed words that differed only in the first letter (e.g., mad and sad). Teachers and researchers should not assume that children who can discriminate individual letters can also discriminate minimally different words that contain those letters. 相似文献
217.
218.
Brady D. Nelson Ellen M. Kessel Felicia Jackson Greg Hajcak 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2016,16(1):153-163
There is growing evidence that unpredictability and uncertainty can alter reward system functioning. The present study examined the impact of (1) a task-irrelevant unpredictable relative to predictable context and (2) individual differences in intolerance of uncertainty (IU) on the reward-related positivity (RewP), an event-related potential (ERP) response to monetary gains relative to losses. Specifically, 64 participants listened to predictable and unpredictable tone sequences while electroencephalography was recorded during a monetary gambling task. Participants also completed the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale, which measures both cognitive distress (prospective IU) and behavioral inhibition (inhibitory IU) elicited by uncertainty, in addition to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 and Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Results indicated that the RewP was reduced during the unpredictable relative to the predictable context. Greater self-reported anxiety elicited by the unpredictable context was associated with a decreased RewP, and a decreased RewP was associated with poorer lose-shift behavioral adjustment. Furthermore, the RewP mediated the relationship between self-reported anxiety elicited by the unpredictable context and lose-shift behavioral adjustment. The IU subscales demonstrated the opposite relationship with the RewP across both contexts—inhibitory IU was associated with an attenuated RewP and prospective IU was associated with an enhanced RewP. In contrast, anxiety, depression, stress, and worry symptomatology were not associated with the RewP. This is the first study to demonstrate that an unpredictable context and individual differences in the degree to which people cannot tolerate uncertainty impact an ERP measure of reward system functioning. 相似文献
219.
Ross T. Brady 《Journal of Philosophical Logic》2014,43(2-3):261-281
The main aim is to extend the range of logics which solve the set-theoretic paradoxes, over and above what was achieved by earlier work in the area. In doing this, the paper also provides a link between metacomplete logics and those that solve the paradoxes, by finally establishing that all M1-metacomplete logics can be used as a basis for naive set theory. In doing so, we manage to reach logics that are very close in their axiomatization to that of the logic R of relevant implication. A further aim is the use of metavaluations in a new context, expanding the range of application of this novel technique, already used in the context of negation and arithmetic, thus providing an alternative to traditional model theoretic approaches. 相似文献
220.
Amanda Skoranski Nichole R. Kelly Rachel M. Radin Katherine A. Thompson Ovidiu Galescu Andrew P. Demidowich Sheila M. Brady Kong Y. Chen Marian Tanofsky-Kraff Jack A. Yanovski Lauren B. Shomaker 《Journal of child and family studies》2018,27(7):2254-2264
Altered stress response theoretically contributes to the etiology of cardiometabolic disease. Mindfulness may be a protective buffer against the effects of stress on health outcomes by altering how individuals evaluate and respond to stress. We engaged adolescent girls at risk for developing Type 2 diabetes in a cold-pressor test in order to determine the relationship of dispositional mindfulness to cortisol response and subjective stress, including perceived pain and unpleasantness during the stressor, and negative affect following the stressor. We also evaluated mindfulness as a moderator of psychological distress (depressive/anxiety symptoms) and stress response. Participants were 119 girls age 12–17 years with overweight/obesity, family history of diabetes, and mild-to-moderate depressive symptoms. Greater mindfulness was associated with less perceived pain and negative affect, but was unrelated to cortisol response to the stressor. Regardless of mindfulness, greater depressive/anxiety symptoms related to a more blunted cortisol response. Mindfulness might promote better distress tolerance in adolescents at risk for diabetes by altering how youth perceive and relate to acute stress, rather than through altering the physiological stress response. At all levels of mindfulness, depressive/anxiety symptoms relate to greater blunting of cortisol response. Findings contribute to emerging literature on the role of mindfulness in promoting the mental and physical health and well-being of individuals at risk for Type 2 diabetes. 相似文献