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712.
Models carry the meaning of science. This puts a tremendous burden on the process of model selection. In general practice,
models are selected on the basis of their relative goodness of fit to data penalized by model complexity. However, this may
not be the most effective approach for selecting models to answer a specific scientific question because model fit is sensitive
to all aspects of a model, not just those relevant to the question. Model Structural Adequacy analysis is proposed as a means
to select models based on their ability to answer specific scientific questions given the current understanding of the relevant
aspects of the real world. 相似文献
713.
Bradley L. Schlaggar Jessica A. Church 《Current directions in psychological science》2009,18(1):21-26
ABSTRACT— Typically developing children require years of overt training and practice to learn to read with skill. The relatively recent advent of functional neuroimaging methods amenable to the study of children has provided insight into the neurobiological underpinnings of skilled reading development. In this brief review, we discuss how neuroimaging during reading-related tasks has revealed that, when adult and child skilled readers perform identical reading-related tasks with comparable levels of performance, these groups show similar but nonidentical patterns of regional brain activity. Children activate some neural regions that adults do not activate (or activate less), and vice versa. The activity patterns in these regions transition to mature levels with increased proficiency and maturity. The dynamic nature of the reading brain as the child matures is thought to be a demonstration of both the inherent flexibility and the increasing efficiency of brain processing over development. 相似文献
714.
715.
David M. LaHuis Charles N. MacLane Bradley R. Schlessman 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2007,15(4):383-393
This study used a fairness theory approach to examine a link between applicants' perceptions and their actual reapplication behavior. We suggested that applicants who do not receive job offers form ‘Would’ counterfactuals based on perceived performance and ‘Should’ counterfactuals based on two procedural justice rules (job relatedness and opportunity to perform). Participants (N=542) were applicants for a United States federal government position. After not being hired in the initial selection process, 9% of the applicants reapplied for the job the following year. We found some support for the hypothesized interactions. The job relatedness–perceived performance interaction was not significant, but the opportunity to perform–perceived performance interaction was. Opportunity to perform had a stronger influence when perceived performance was higher. 相似文献
716.
Kristi D. Wright Daniel A. Waschbusch Bradley W. Frankland 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2007,29(3):141-148
This study examined different methods of combining data from a well established rating scale – the Disruptive Behavior Disorders
Rating Scale (DBDRS) – with data from a well established interview – the computerized self report version of the Diagnostic
Interview Schedule for Children for DSM-IV (P-DISC-IV) – when examining parent report of ADHD. These measures were completed
for 80 children who participated in a summer camp for children with disruptive behavior. Results showed significant overlap
between the two diagnostic measures but parent report on the DBDRS was more highly associated with children’s camp behaviors
than was parent report on the P-DISC-IV. In addition, combining ratings and interview data using an “either/or” rule was more
highly associated with camp behavior than was combining data using a “both/and” rule. Results suggest there may be little
additional value of adding data from parent self-report on the computerized version of the P-DISC-IV to behavior rating data. 相似文献
717.
Professional psychology's ability to meet older Americans' psychological needs and to simultaneously thrive as a profession will be closely tied to the federal Medicare program over the coming decades. Despite legislative changes in the 1980s providing professional autonomy to psychologists and expanding coverage for mental health services, Medicare coverage policies, reimbursement mechanisms, and organizational traditions continue to limit older Americans' access to psychological services. This article describes how psychologists can influence Medicare coverage policy. Specifically, the authors examine widely unrecognized policy processes and recent political developments and analyze the recent creation of a new Medicare counseling benefit, applying J. W. Kingdon's (1995) well-known model of policy change. These recent developments offer new opportunities for expanding Medicare coverage of psychological services, particularly in the areas of prevention, screening, and early intervention. The article provides an analysis to guide psychologists in engaging in strategic advocacy and incorporating psychological prevention and early intervention services into Medicare. As Medicare policy entrepreneurs, psychologists can improve the well-being of millions of Americans who rely on the national health insurance program and, in so doing, can help shape the future practice of psychology. 相似文献
718.
Ben Bradley 《Philosophical Studies》2007,133(1):45-53
Sometimes people desire that their lives go badly, take pleasure in their lives going badly, or believe that their lives are
going badly. As a result, some popular theories of welfare are paradoxical. I show that no attempt to defend those theories
from the paradox fully succeeds. 相似文献
719.
720.
The development of a drive for muscularity among boys has been linked to various cultural influences, one of which is exposure to mass media depicting the muscular male body ideal. We sought to determine whether self-reported exposure to four ideal-body magazine genres (health/fitness, fashion, sports, and gaming) predicted an increased drive for muscularity 1 year later. A sample of 104 Black and 77 White preadolescent boys (mean age 8.77) participated in a 2-wave longitudinal panel study. Controlling Wave 1 grade, perceived thinness/adiposity, and drive for muscularity, exposure to video gaming magazines predicted a significant increase in Wave 2 drive for muscularity, but only for White boys. Discussion calls for the inclusion of video gaming magazine exposure measures in future research on print media and male body ideals, along with empirical exploration of racial themes in gaming magazines. 相似文献