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121.
J. Bradley Chance 《Teaching Theology & Religion》2004,7(2):101-107
Abstract. This paper explores the use of Peter Berger's theory of religion and its features of alienation and dealienation to lead students to the critical awareness of the role that human beings play in the construction of social worlds, including most especially our religious worlds. After summarizing Berger's theory of the alienating and potentially dealienating capacity of religion, the paper describes how the author used the study of certain biblical texts, the Wisdom of Solomon and the pericope of the controversy over clean and unclean foods, as presented in both Matthew and Mark, to explore both the alienating and dealienating aspects of religion as presented in these selected biblical texts. The paper also describes how the author encouraged students to embrace as the most responsible stance a dealienating stance toward religion, especially one's own. 相似文献
122.
Visual salience and perceptual load may both influence the efficiency of visual selection. Recently, Gibson and Bryant (2008) showed that perceptual load can dominate color salience in a distractor interference paradigm. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the possibility that knowledge (of color or load) may modulate the relative operation of these two mechanisms. Consistent with previous findings, perceptual load dominated color salience, but only in certain contexts in which display load was mixed and high-load displays preceded other high-load displays. More important, color salience dominated perceptual load in other contexts in which display load was mixed and low-load displays preceded high-load displays. In addition, color salience also dominated perceptual load in contexts in which display load was fixed and advance knowledge of load was available. Altogether, the present findings suggest that the competition between color salience and perceptual load can vary as a function of task context, thereby supporting top-down accounts, although the precise aspect of task context remains to be identified. 相似文献
123.
Correlates of intellectual ability with morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in healthy adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several prior imaging studies of healthy adults have correlated volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala with measures of general intelligence (IQ), with variable results. In this study, we assessed correlations between volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala and full-scale IQ scores (FSIQ) using a method of image analysis that permits detailed regional mapping of this correlation throughout the surface contour of these brain structures. We delineated the hippocampus and amygdala in high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the brain from 34 healthy individuals. We then correlated FSIQ with overall volumes and with the surface morphologies of each of these structures. Hippocampus volumes correlated significantly and inversely with FSIQ independently of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and whole brain volume. Left and right hippocampus volumes correlated respectively with verbal and performance IQ subscales. Higher IQs were significantly associated with large inward deformations of the surface of the anterior hippocampus bilaterally. These findings suggest that a smaller anterior hippocampus contributes to an increased efficiency of neural processing that subserves overall intelligence. 相似文献
124.
Previous work has demonstrated that facial identity recognition, expression recognition, gender categorisation, and race categorisation rely on a holistic representation. Here we examine whether a holistic representation is also used for judgments of facial attractiveness. Like past studies, we used the composite paradigm to assess holistic processing (Young et al 1987, Perception 16 747-759). Experiment 1 showed that top halves of upright faces are judged to be more attractive when aligned with an attractive bottom half than when aligned with an unattractive bottom half. To assess whether this effect resulted from holistic processing or more general effects, we examined the impact of the attractive and unattractive bottom halves when upright halves were misaligned and when aligned and misaligned halves were presented upside-down. The bottom halves had no effect in either condition. These results demonstrate that the perceptual processes underlying upright facial-attractiveness judgments represent the face holistically. Our findings with attractiveness judgments and previous demonstrations involving other aspects of face processing suggest that a common holistic representation is used for most types of face processing. 相似文献
125.
Stephen Read has presented an argument for the inconsistency of the concept of validity. We extend Read’s results and show
that this inconsistency is but one half of a larger problem. Like the concept of truth, validity is infected with what we
call semantic pathology, a condition that actually gives rise to two symptoms: inconsistency and indeterminacy. After sketching the basic ideas behind
semantic pathology and explaining how it manifests both symptoms in the concept of truth, we present cases that establish
the indeterminacy of validity and that link this indeterminacy with the concept’s inconsistency. Our conclusion is that an
adequate treatment of the semantic pathology thus revealed must deal with both of its symptoms. Further, it must extend to
the occurrences of this condition elsewhere: in the concept of truth, in the other central semantic notions, and even in certain
philosophical concepts outside semantics. 相似文献
126.
Two basic approaches to explaining the nature of the mind are the rational and the mechanistic approaches. Rational analyses attempt to characterize the environment and the behavioral outcomes that humans seek to optimize, whereas mechanistic models attempt to simulate human behavior using processes and representations analogous to those used by humans. We compared these approaches with regard to their accounts of how humans learn the variability of categories. The mechanistic model departs in subtle ways from rational principles. In particular, the mechanistic model incrementally updates its estimates of category means and variances through error-driven learning, based on discrepancies between new category members and the current representation of each category. The model yields a prediction, which we verify, regarding the effects of order manipulations that the rational approach does not anticipate. Although both rational and mechanistic models can successfully postdict known findings, we suggest that psychological advances are driven primarily by consideration of process and representation and that rational accounts trail these breakthroughs. 相似文献
127.
Majer JM Jason LA North CS Ferrari JR Porter NS Olson B Davis M Aase D Molloy JP 《American journal of community psychology》2008,42(1-2):145-153
A longitudinal analysis of psychiatric severity was conducted with a national sample of recovering substance abusers living in Oxford Houses, which are self-run, self-help settings. Outcomes related to residents' psychiatric severity were examined at three follow-up intervals over one year. Over time, Oxford House residents with high versus low baseline psychiatric severity reported significantly more days using psychiatric medication, decreased outpatient psychiatric treatment, yet no significant differences for number of days abstinent and time living in an Oxford House. These findings suggest that a high level of psychiatric severity is not an impediment to residing in self-run, self-help settings such as Oxford House among persons with psychiatric comorbid substance use disorders. 相似文献
128.
Tamsin Bradley 《Journal of religion and health》2008,47(4):504-515
This article compares two projects designed to train groups of rural Rajasthani women as community health workers. Through
ethnographic research conducted during the training periods of each project I highlight stark differences in the management
and structural approaches. The successful project recognised the importance of rituals, specifically puja, in the daily lives
of participants. Both the NGO management and the trainees performed daily rituals that helped foster a supportive network.
Sensitivity combined with a wider insight into the practical realities and constraints facing women in rural Rajasthan contributed
to the long-term success of the second project. The first project has folded. I argue a lack of open dialogue and real connection
with participants meant the project’s management were unable to adapt /tailor the program to the needs and experiences of
the women involved.
相似文献
Tamsin BradleyEmail: |
129.
This research examined the psychophysiology of emotional arousal anticipatory to potentially aversive and highly pleasant outcomes. Human brain reactions (event-related potentials) and body reactions (heart rate, skin conductance, the probe startle reflex) were assessed along motivational gradients determined by apparent distance from sites of potential punishment or reward. A predator-prey survival context was simulated using cues that signaled possible money rewards or possible losses; the cues appeared to loom progressively closer to the viewer, until a final step when a rapid key response could ensure reward or avoid a punishing loss. The observed anticipatory response patterns of heightened vigilance and physiological mobilization are consistent with the view that the physiology of emotion is founded on action dispositions that evolved in mammals to facilitate survival by dealing with threats or capturing life-sustaining rewards. 相似文献
130.
Antonette M. Zeiss Bradley E. Karlin 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2008,15(1):73-78
Integrating mental health care in the primary care setting has been identified in the literature as a model for increasing
access to mental health services and has been associated with enhanced clinical and functional patient outcomes and higher
patient satisfaction. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), which operates the nation’s largest integrated health care
system, has taken a leadership role in creating a health care system in which mental health care is provided in the primary
care setting. This article examines VA’s efforts and progress to date in implementing evidence-based models of integrated
mental health services nationally in community based outpatient clinics, home based primary care, and outpatient primary clinics
at medical facilities. Psychology plays an important role in this progress, as part of an overall interdisciplinary effort,
in which all professions are crucially important and work together to promote the overall well-being of patients.
This article is based in part on a presentation by the first author at the 3rd National Conference of the Association of Psychologists
in Academic Health Centers (APAHC) in May of 2007 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. 相似文献