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151.
Tammy M. Beran Tara A. McCannel Annette L. Stanton Bradley R. Straatsma Barry L. Burgess 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(3):265-274
To determine if choroidal melanoma patients want cytogenetic prognostic information. Ninety-nine choroidal melanoma patients
completed a questionnaire regarding their opinions about receiving prognostic information. The perceived usefulness of prognostic
information was evaluated in patients who had undergone cytogenetic testing. Depressive symptoms, quality of life, and interest
in supportive counseling during test receipt were assessed. Ninety-seven percent of respondents reported that they would have
wanted prognostic information at the time of their treatment and 98% of respondents reported that supportive counseling should
be offered when prognostic information is given. Patients who had received a more favorable prognostic result were more likely
to endorse the usefulness of cytogenetic testing than were patients who had received a less favorable prognostic result. Psychological
status did not vary significantly as a function of cytogenetic test result. Prognostic information was important to patients
with choroidal melanoma, even in the absence of prophylactic measures which might improve prognosis. 相似文献
152.
A. Ross Otto Todd M. Gureckis Arthur B. Markman Bradley C. Love 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2009,16(5):957-963
Research on dynamic decision-making tasks, in which the payoffs associated with each choice vary with participants’ recent
choice history, shows that humans have difficulty making long-term optimal choices in the presence of attractive immediate
rewards. However, a number of recent studies have shown that simple cues providing information about the underlying state
of the task environment may facilitate optimal responding. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which this state knowledge
influences choice behavior. We examined the possibility that participants use state information in conjunction with changing
payoffs to extrapolate payoffs in future states. We found support for this hypothesis in an experiment in which generalizations
based on this state information worked to the benefit or detriment of task performance, depending on the task’s payoff structure. 相似文献
153.
154.
Drake R. Bradley 《Behavior research methods》1989,21(2):99-112
A general purpose program is described for generating, analyzing, and graphing simulated data for experimental, multivariate, and contingency table designs. Applications include simulating actual or hypothetical research studies, conducting Monte Carlo investigations of the consequences of violating assumptions on statistical tests, generating randomized data sets for students to analyze and interpret as homework, and performing simulations demonstrating sampling theory. Data sets may be generated that have normal or nonnormal distributions, independent or correlated observations, and equal or unequal sample sizes. Data-analysis capabilities include one-way, two-way, and three-way ANOVA with any combination of independent- and correlated-groups factors, as well as simple-effects analyses, multiple pairwise comparisons, linear contrasts, and trend analyses. 相似文献
155.
Steve Bradley 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1992,20(1):90-107
A number of models of the placement function of the Careers Service are presented. Various hypotheses generated by the models are tested, using data collected from Careers Service records. Specifically, a multivariate analysis is performed to show which personal and social characteristics are associated with a higher probability of being submitted for a permanent vacancy. The implications of the analysis for the Careers Service are discussed. 相似文献
156.
Sharan B. Merriam Bradley C. Courtenay Patricia M. Reeves 《Journal of Adult Development》1997,4(4):221-235
Erikson's epigenetic model of psychosocial development posits that each of eight stages unfolds in a particular sequence,
and each becomes the primary issue of concern at specified times in the life cycle. Erikson does not address, nor could any
empirical studies be located, exploring how the emergence of these eight stages might be affected by a diagnosis of terminal
illness. The purpose of this study was to understand how an HIV-positive diagnosis affected movement through Erikson's stages
of development. In-depth interviews were conducted with a sample of 18 HIV-positive men and women under 45 years of age. Analysis
of the qualitative data revealed three findings regarding Erikson's stages: (1) The fifth stage of idenitity versus role confusion
was revisted and the sense of self is redefined; (2) the three adulthood stages of intimacy versus isolation, generativity
versus stagnation, and ego integrity versus depair were dealt with simulataneously and, in most cases, resolved favorably;
and (3) intimacy and generativity enabled and supported the resolution of the tasks of identity and ego integrity. 相似文献
157.
Karin Mogg Brendan P. Bradley Neil Millar Jim White 《Behaviour research and therapy》1995,33(8):927-935
Patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) without concurrent depression (n = 11) and normal controls (n = 17) were tested twice, about 2 months apart, on a modified Stroop colour-naming task, which presented anxiety-related, depression-related and neutral words in masked and unmasked exposure conditions. GAD patients received cognitive behaviour therapy in the test-retest interval, and were also retested at follow-up, about 20 months after initial testing. GAD patients showed interference in colour-naming negative words across both masked and unmasked conditions before treatment, but not post-treatment, compared with controls. Reduced interference effects of masked threat words over time correlated with reduced ratings of anxious thoughts at post-treatment, and at follow-up, in GAD patients. Thus, the preconscious bias for threat information in GAD appears to vary over time in association with changes in anxious thoughts and worries. 相似文献
158.
Occupational stress in a U.K. higher education institution was investigated during a period of considerable organizational change. All employees, including academic, support and manual staff, were invited to participate anonymously in the survey. The results, based on the Occupational Stress Indicator, showed that employees reported significantly poorer mental and physical well-being, and greater job dissatisfaction, than a normative group. The findings suggested that female employees were at greater risk from adverse effects of occupational stress. Predictors of distress and job dissatisfaction were identified. The study concluded that occupational stress is a significant problem, and that further investigation is required in other similar institutions. 相似文献
159.
Improvements in the computing power and visual resolution of modern desktop computing systems, as well as advances in software technology for displaying high-speed animations, have encouraged the development of relatively sophisticated real-time flight simulators for the PC and Macintosh. We review some of the factors that determine how well such programs capture the actual experience of flight. The most significant factor limiting the quality of performance in flying a simulated aircraft is the “frame rate” problem: at low altitudes and in highly detailed visual environments, as in approaching a runway threshold during landing, the computational demands of the animation may necessitate a reduction in the number of frames displayed per second on the screen. The delayed sensory feedback that results proves to be very detrimental to sustaining smooth control of the aircraft, especially during the flare to touchdown where such control is needed most. This finding parallels the well-known effects of delayed auditory feedback (Lee, 1950) and delayed visual feedback (Smith, 1962). 相似文献
160.
Richard M. Warren Keri R. Riener James A. Bashford Bradley S. Brubaker 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1995,57(2):175-182
The intelligibility of word lists subjected to various types of spectral filtering has been studied extensively. Although words used for communication are usually present in sentences rather than lists, there has been no systematic report of the intelligibility of lexical components of narrowband sentences. In the present study, we found that surprisingly little spectral information is required to identify component words when sentences are heard through narrow spectral slits. Four hundred twenty listeners (21 groups of 20 subjects) were each presented with 100 bandpass filtered CID ( “everyday speech ”) sentences; separate groups received center frequencies of 370, 530, 750, 1100, 1500, 2100, 3000, 4200, and 6000 Hz at 70 dBA SPL. In Experiment 1, intelligibility of single 1/3-octave bands with steep filter slopes (96 dB/octave) averaged more than 95% for sentences centered at 1100, 1500, and 2100 Hz. In Experiment 2, we used the same center frequencies with extremely narrow bands (slopes of 115 dB/octave intersecting at the center frequency, resulting in a nominal bandwidth of l/20 octave). Despite the severe spectral tilt for all frequencies of this impoverished spectrum, intelligibility remained relatively high for most bands, with the greatest intelligibility (77%) at 1500 Hz. In Experiments 1 and 2, the bands centered at 370 and 6000 Hz provided little useful information when presented individually, but in each experiment they interacted synergistically when combined. The present findings demonstrate the adaptive flexibility of mechanisms used for speech perception and are discussed in the context of the LAME model of opportunistic multilevel processing. 相似文献