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131.
Analogical reasoning in working memory: Resources shared among relational integration,interference resolution,and maintenance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We report a series of experiments using a pictorial analogy task designed to manipulate relational integration, interference resolution, and active maintenance simultaneously. The difficulty of the problems was varied in terms of the number of relations to be integrated, the need for interference resolution, and the duration of maintenance required to correctly solve the analogy. The participants showed decreases in performance when integrating multiple relations, as compared with a single relation, and when interference resolution was required in solving the analogy. When the participants were required to integrate multiple relations while simultaneously engaged in interference resolution, performance was worse, as compared with problems that incorporated either of these features alone. Maintenance of information across delays in the range of 1-4.5 sec led to greater decrements in visual memory, as compared with analogical reasoning. Misleading information caused interference when it had been necessarily attended to and maintained in working memory and, hence, had to be actively suppressed. However, sources of conflict within information that had not been attended to or encoded into working memory did not interfere with the ongoing controlled information processing required for relational integration. The findings provide evidence that relational integration and interference resolution depend on shared cognitive resources in working memory during analogical reasoning. 相似文献
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Angela B. Bradford Lauren Drean Jonathan G. Sandberg Lee N. Johnson 《Family process》2020,59(4):1530-1551
The degree of approval for a relationship from one’s social network has been shown to predict relationship outcomes. Additional research has shown that attachment can buffer the negative effects of various factors (e.g., depression) on relationships. Using an actor–partner interdependence model in an SEM framework, we research the effects of disapproval from parents and friends for one’s relationship on marital relationship quality for self and partner in a sample of 858 married couples. We also examine whether each spouse’s attachment behaviors can moderate these effects. Results indicated that one’s own attachment behaviors moderate the effects of their own parents’ and friends’ disapproval on their self-reported relationship quality for both men and women. Partner’s attachment behaviors moderate own friend’s disapproval on self-reported relationship quality for men and women; additionally, the main effect of partner’s friends’ and parents’ disapproval became nonsignificant with that test. The findings provide evidence that attachment behaviors of both partners play a role in buffering the negative effects of the social network disapproval on relationship outcomes. Clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
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Philosophical Studies - Interactionists hold that minds are non-physical objects that interact with brains. The neural discernment problem for interactionism is (roughly) that of explaining how... 相似文献
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Bachman P Niendam TA Jalbrzikowski M Jalbrzikowkski M Park CY Daley M Cannon TD Bearden CE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(4):645-654
Onset of psychosis may be associated with abnormal adolescent neurodevelopment. Here we examined the neurocognitive profile
of first-episode, adolescent onset psychosis (AOP) as compared to typically developing adolescents, and asked whether neurocognitive
performance varied differentially as a function of age in the cases compared with controls. A comprehensive neuropsychological
battery was administered to 35 patients experiencing a first-episode of a DSM-IV psychotic disorder and to 31 matched controls.
Clinicians also rated subjects’ social and role functioning, both at the time of neuropsychological assessment and 1 year
later. Although patients displayed a wide range of impairments relative to controls, their most pronounced deficits included
verbal memory, sensorimotor dexterity and cognitive processing speed. Among these, only processing speed showed a significant
group-by-age interaction, consistent with an aberrant developmental course among AOP patients. Processing speed also accounted
for substantial variance in other areas of deficit, and predicted social functioning 1 year later. AOP patients fail to show
normal age-related increases in processing speed, which in turn predicts poorer functional outcomes. This pattern is consistent
with the view that adolescent brain developmental processes, such as myelination, may be disrupted in these patients. 相似文献