Effects of counseling Ashkenazi Jewish women about breast cancer risk

The goal of this study was to determine whether genetic counseling or psychosocial group counseling provided to Ashkenazi women can reduce breast cancer worry, cancer risk perception, and interest in having genetic testing. Women (N=211) were randomized to receive individual genetic risk counseling, to receive a group psychosocial group counseling, or to serve as a control group. The authors found that both counseling methods reduced cancer worry, lowered perceptions of breast cancer risk, and decreased interest in having genetic testing. Counseling can help women gain a more accurate perception of their risk, expose them to the benefits and limitations of genetic testing, and reduce their worry about cancer.     

Factor structure and measurement invariance of the Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale

As part of the Women's Health Initiative Study, the 5-item Women's Health Initiative Insomnia Rating Scale (WHIIRS) was developed. This article summarizes the development of the scale through the use of responses from 66,269 postmenopausal women (mean age = 62.07 years, SD = 7.41 years). All women completed a 10-item questionnaire concerning sleep. A novel resampling technique was introduced as part of the data analysis. Principal-axes factor analysis without iteration and rotation to a varimax solution was conducted for 120,000 random samples of 1,000 women each. Use of this strategy led to the development of a scale with a highly stable factor structure. Structural equation modeling revealed no major differences in factor structure across age and race-ethnic groups. WHIIRS norms for race-ethnicity and age subgroups are detailed.     

Cross-cultural equivalence and validity of the Vietnamese MMPI-2: assessing psychological adjustment of Vietnamese refugees

The cross-cultural equivalence and validity of the Vietnamese translation of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory--2 (MMPI-2) were examined in a sample of 1st-generation Vietnamese refugees in the United States (N = 143). Respondents completed the Vietnamese MMPI-2, the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire, a measure of acculturation, and a demographic questionnaire. An inspection of MMPI-2 mean profiles and items showing extreme endorsement rates suggested that certain symptom tendencies and cultural values may be reflected in responses to some MMPI-2 items. Older age, lower acculturation, greater experienced premigration-postmigration traumas, and military veteran status were all associated with elevated MMPI-2 profiles, suggesting that the MMPI-2 functions in a reasonably equivalent and valid way in this population.     

Jewish identity and intentions to obtain breast cancer screening

This study explored the associations between 2 dimensions of Jewish identity (cultural identification and religious practice) and intentions to perform breast cancer screening. Ashkenazi Jewish women (N = 220) completed surveys as part of an ongoing study of breast cancer risk counseling. Multiple regressions examined the relationships between the 2 identity measures and intention to follow routine recommendations for mammography, intention to perform monthly breast self-exam, and interest in genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility. Cultural identity positively predicted interest in testing, whereas religious identity was inversely related. Religious identity was a significant predictor of intention to adhere to mammography recommendations. Findings show that culture and religion, although correlated, may have different associations with health attitudes.     

Perceptions of liability for the negligent infliction of emotional distress to a bystander

This study examines factors that are part of the test for whether a plaintiff may recover damages due to the negligent infliction of emotional distress to a bystander. Subjects were 96 eligible jurors from two California counties. They were presented with a case vignette which carried one of the three elements for bystander recovery for emotional distress as outlined in the California case of Dillon v. Legg. Participants were more likely to believe a plaintiff had a right to sue for damages in cases in which (1) there is a close relationship between the bystander and a direct victim, and (2) the bystander is within the zone of physical danger. A plaintiff's sensory and contemporaneous perception of an accident did not significantly influence subjects' judgements.     

Potentiation of acoustic startle behavior in the rat (Rattus norvegicus) at the onset of darkness

In Experiment 1 (N = 8), a 20-ms light pulse, given at various times before a noise burst, inhibited reflex expression with a single trough at a lead time of 70 ms, whereas a dark pulse facilitated the reflex with two peaks at 40 and 160 ms. In Experiment 2 (N = 18) facilitation by dark onset had a single peak, and inhibition by light onset a single trough; thus, the double peak of the dark pulse may result because inhibition from light onset at the end of the dark pulse was briefly impressed on the facilitatory effect of dark onset. In Experiment 3 (N = 12), diazepam (2.5 mg/kg, but not 1 mg/kg) eliminated dark facilitation but not light inhibition. These diazepam data reveal a basic similarity, perhaps identity, of the mechanisms responsible for the effect of dark onset and those producing reflex facilitation by Pavlovian fear conditioning and prolonged background noise, because all are moderated by a GABAergic system.     

在新医学模式指导下预防碘缺乏病

碘缺乏病严重危害人类健康,是最大的、可预防的智力损伤因素。通过“社会动员”,推动防治碘缺乏病（ＩＤＤ）“轮子”运转,使我国消除ＩＤＤ事业有了巨大进步。目前存在的问题可能会影响到该事业的可持续发展。对此,提出一些建议。     

The auditory motionaftereffect: Its tuning and specificity in the spatial and frequency domains

In this paper, the auditory motion aftereffect (aMAE) was studied, using real moving sound as both the adapting and the test stimulus. The sound was generated by a loudspeaker mounted on a robot arm that was able to move quietly in three-dimensional space. A total of 7 subjects with normal hearing were tested in three experiments. The results from Experiment 1 showed a robust and reliable negative aMAE in all the subjects. After listening to a sound source moving repeatedly to the right, a stationary sound source was perceived to move to the left. The magnitude of the aMAE tended to increase with adapting velocity up to the highest velocity tested (20°/sec). The aftereffect was largest when the adapting and the test stimuli had similar spatial location and frequency content. Offsetting the locations of the adapting and the test stimuli by 20° reduced the size of the effect by about 50%. A similar decline occurred when the frequency of the adapting and the test stimuli differed by one octave. Our results suggest that the human auditory system possesses specialized mechanisms for detecting auditory motion in the spatial domain.     

小剂量吗啡对大鼠活动性的影响

腹腔注射不同剂量吗啡,观察各组大鼠在给药后不同时间的活动性（ｌｏｃｏｍｏｔｏｒａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙ,ＬＡ）,连续给药８天,每天给药后９５ｍｉｎ内,每间隔１５ｍｉｎ,记录大鼠５ｍｉｎ内在限定空间中所走格数。结果表明：随吗啡给药剂量或次数增加,ＬＡ呈升高趋势;使大鼠ＬＡ明显兴夯的适宜低剂量为４ｍｇ／ｋｇ／ｄａｙ,该剂量下每天药后１５－２０ｍｉｎＬＡ为峰值,而且此时段ＬＡ逐日升高,至第８日出现下降趋势,此毕     

相信"过年吃药不吉利"险些丧命

有一些人出于不良的目的,宣称:患病不吃药,烧香念佛好。当然,若是邪教的目的就更险恶了!曾发生过这么一件事情:辽宁省盘锦地区,在民间传出“过年吃药不吉利”的谣言,并称,吃一次药,就一年到头药离不了口,折腾一年,一年在苦海中煎熬。这种显而易见的谣言竟还有人相信,在短短的两天时间内,一家医院就先后抢救了11位心