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281.
Wolfgang Wagner Gerard Duveen Robert Farr Sandra Jovchelovitch Fabio Lorenzi-Cioldi Ivana Marková & Diana Rose 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》1999,2(1):95-125
This paper gives an overview of social representation theory, definitions of the key terms and of the social processes leading to a representation and to social identity. Six empirical studies are presented and details of their methods and findings are given to illustrate this social psychological approach. These studies are about the ontogenesis of gender, the public sphere in Brazil, madness on British television, images of androgyny in Switzerland, individualism and democracy in post-communist Europe and metaphorical thinking about conception. The methods are ethnography, interviews, focus-groups, content analysis of media, statistical analysis of word associations, questionnaires and experiments. Finally, social representation theory is compared to theories of attitudes, schemata and social cognition. 相似文献
282.
283.
D’Aniello Biagio Pinelli Claudia Scandurra Anna Di Lucrezia Alfredo Aria Massimo Semin Gün R. 《Animal cognition》2023,26(4):1241-1250
Animal Cognition - We report an observational, double-blind, experimental study that examines the effects of human emotional odors on puppies between 3 and 6 months and adult dogs... 相似文献
284.
285.
Elisa Gambetti Raffaella Nori Fabio Marinello Micaela Maria Zucchelli Fiorella Giusberti 《Journal of Cognitive Psychology》2017,29(3):352-363
Deciding about people’s responsibility, intentions and need for punishment is particularly hard and it may be often associated with counterfactual thinking, which refers to the creation of mental alternatives to actual events. Ninety-three participants were asked to generate downward or upward counterfactuals regarding a given criminal event and, then, to give judgments about defendant’s predictability, responsibility, intentionality and punishment. Results showed that downward counterfactuals had led people to judge the event less intentional, the defendant less responsible and, therefore, to give him a less severe punishment (vice versa for upward). The relationship between counterfactuals and intentionality judgments was partially mediated by the perceived defendant’s predictability of the negative outcomes. Finally, downward counterfactuals were linked to a greater focus on the context (external factors), whereas upward counterfactuals on the defendant/victim’s behaviours (internal factors). Findings were discussed considering both theoretical decision-making models and applications on the judicial field. 相似文献
286.
Cassio Polpo de Campos Fabio Gagliardi Cozman José Eduardo Ochoa Luna 《Journal of Applied Logic》2009,7(2):137-154
We examine the representation of judgements of stochastic independence in probabilistic logics. We focus on a relational logic where (i) judgements of stochastic independence are encoded by directed acyclic graphs, and (ii) probabilistic assessments are flexible in the sense that they are not required to specify a single probability measure. We discuss issues of knowledge representation and inference that arise from our particular combination of graphs, stochastic independence, logical formulas and probabilistic assessments. 相似文献
287.
Stefanie I. Becker Ulrich Ansorge Massimo Turatto 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(6):1313-1324
The flash-lag effect is a visual misperception of a position of a flash relative to that of a moving object: Even when both are at the same position, the flash is reported to lag behind the moving object. In the present study, the flash-lag effect was investigated with eye-movement measurements: Subjects were required to saccade to either the flash or the moving object. The results showed that saccades to the flash were precise, whereas saccades to the moving object showed an offset in the direction of motion. A further experiment revealed that this offset in the saccades to the moving object was eliminated when the whole background flashed. This result indicates that saccadic offsets to the moving stimulus critically depend on the spatially distinctive flash in the vicinity of the moving object. The results are incompatible with current theoretical explanations of the flash-lag effect, such as the motion extrapolation account. We propose that allocentric coding of the position of the moving object could account for the flash-lag effect. 相似文献
288.
The aim of the present study was to take an in-depth look at the role of fluid intelligence, personality traits and emotional intelligence (both ability-based and self-reported) in predicting scholastic success, verifying the existence of incremental validity of emotional intelligence with respect to fluid intelligence and personality variables. One hundred twenty-four students attending the last two years of high school were administered: the Advanced Progressive Matrices, the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised Short Form, the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test, the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short. The results demonstrate the influence exercised by fluid intelligence, personality and emotional intelligence on scholastic success, underlining, in particular, the role of emotional intelligence defined according to the ability-based model. 相似文献
289.
Microsaccadic responses in a bimodal oddball task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In a visual oddball task the presentation of rare targets induces a prolonged microsaccadic inhibition as compared to standards.
Here, we replicated this effect also in the auditory modality. In addition, although auditory standards induced a more limited
modulation of microsaccadic frequency as compared to visual standards, auditory oddballs induced a prolonged microsaccadic
inhibition. With bimodal standard stimuli the microsaccadic response was determined by the attended modality, resembling that
produced by attended unimodal stimuli. The present findings support the idea that the microsaccadic response to oddball and
standard stimuli is partly driven by cognitive mechanisms common to both the visual and the auditory modality, and that microsaccades
can be used as an implicit behavioral measure of ongoing cognitive processes. 相似文献
290.