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101.
Two methods of induction were used to produce orientation-contingent color aftereffects for observers assigned to one of three groups (high, medium, and low) on the basis of self-rated imagery ability. In Experiment 1, observers were required to make magnitude estimates of color aftereffects following inspection of stimulus patterns normally used to produce McCollough effects (e.g., red vertical contours, green horizontal contours). Experiment 2 was a partial replication of Experiment 1, with additional induction conditions in which observers were required to imagine the presence of appropriately oriented contours when particular homogeneous color patches were presented. The results indicated that self-rated imagery ability was not a significant factor in differentiating between observers’ performance when orthodox induction procedures were used (Experiment 1). In addition, there were no reliable indications (Experiment 2) that imagined stimulus attributes can be effectively substituted for real stimulus attributes in order to produce orientation-contingent color aftereffects. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for the use of imagery-induced perceptual phenomena as a paradigm for investigating the possibility of common neural mechanisms in perception and imagination; in addition, the general implications of the results for understanding the functional significance of self-reported imagery ability are examined. 相似文献
102.
Reexamining the word length effect in visual word recognition: New evidence from the English Lexicon Project 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In the present study, we reexamined the effect of word length (number of letters in a word) on lexical decision. Using the
English Lexicon Project, which is based on a large data set of over 40,481 words (Balota et al., 2002), we performed simultaneous
multiple regression analyses on a selection of 33,006 English words (ranging from 3 to 13 letters in length). Our analyses
revealed an unexpected pattern of results taking the form of a U-shaped curve. The effect of number of letters was facilitatory
for words of 3–5 letters, null for words of 5–8 letters, and inhibitory for words of 8–13 letters. We also showed that printed
frequency, number of syllables, and number of orthographic neighbors all made independent contributions. The length effects
were replicated in a new analysis of a subset of 3,833 monomorphemic nouns (ranging from 3 to 10 letters), and also in another
analysis based on 12,987 bisyllabic items (ranging from 3 to 9 letters). These effects were independent of printed frequency,
number of syllables, and number of orthographic neighbors. Furthermore, we also observed robust linear inhibitory effects
of number of syllables. Implications for models of visual word recognition are discussed. 相似文献
103.
Psychobiology of altered states of consciousness 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Vaitl D Birbaumer N Gruzelier J Jamieson GA Kotchoubey B Kübler A Lehmann D Miltner WH Ott U Pütz P Sammer G Strauch I Strehl U Wackermann J Weiss T 《Psychological bulletin》2005,131(1):98-127
The article reviews the current knowledge regarding altered states of consciousness (ASC) (a) occurring spontaneously, (b) evoked by physical and physiological stimulation, (c) induced by psychological means, and (d) caused by diseases. The emphasis is laid on psychological and neurobiological approaches. The phenomenological analysis of the multiple ASC resulted in 4 dimensions by which they can be characterized: activation, awareness span, self-awareness, and sensory dynamics. The neurophysiological approach revealed that the different states of consciousness are mainly brought about by a compromised brain structure, transient changes in brain dynamics (disconnectivity), and neurochemical and metabolic processes. Besides these severe alterations, environmental stimuli, mental practices, and techniques of self-control can also temporarily alter brain functioning and conscious experience. 相似文献
104.
The Remote Associates Test (RAT; Mednick, 1962; Mednick & Mednick, 1967) is a commonly employed test of creative convergent thinking. The RAT is scored with a dichotomous scoring, scoring correct answers as 1 and all other answers as 0. Based on recent research into the information processing underlying RAT performance, we argued that the dichotomous scoring may lead to a loss of potentially relevant information. Thus, we proposed an alternate scoring based on semantic similarity between the answer given by the participant and the correct solution using Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA; Landauer & Dumais, 1997). We evaluate the psychometric properties of the alternate LSA scoring and found evidence of construct validity for the LSA scoring which was comparable to findings for the standard scoring, but not better as we would have expected. Thus, our expectations that LSA-based scoring of the RAT counteracts potential information loss were not met. However, LSA based scorings appear to be a promising alternative for hardly solvable RAT items. We conducted additional analyses comparing different RAT item types with regard to their validity as well as evaluating the information uniquely contained in the LSA scoring. Implications of all finding for existing research using RAT items are discussed. 相似文献
105.
106.
The Psychological Record - 相似文献
107.
Dr. Boris Schiffer 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2007,1(3):228-230
Ohne Zusammenfassung 相似文献
108.
The role of context was examined in the selection and integration of independently learned spatial relationships. Using a dynamic 3D virtual environment, participants learned one spatial relationship between landmarks A and B which was established in one virtual context (e.g., A is left of B) and a different spatial relationship which was established in another virtual context (e.g., A is in front of B). A spatial relationship between B and a goal was then established, using the same landmark-to-goal relationship in each context. When given A in either context at test, participants were more likely to choose a position in expectation of the goal, based on the relationship of A to B previously established in that context. Thus, context can be used to disambiguate conflicting spatial information. This research is discussed in light of Miller and Escobar's (2002) retrieval model. 相似文献
109.
Katherine J. Reynolds Boris Bizumic Emina Subasic John C. Turner Nyla Branscombe Kenneth I. Mavor Luisa Batalha 《European journal of social psychology》2012,42(2):252-262
There are ongoing debates both in personality psychology and social psychology on the causes and consequences of personality stability and change. Recent work on social roles suggests that as people change roles (e.g. employee to manager), different experiences and demands are internalised into one's self‐concept shaping identity and personality. In this paper, the emphasis moves beyond ‘roles’ to other group memberships (e.g. ethnicity) in shaping one's self‐view and self‐rated personality (e.g. Neuroticism). The results of two experiments demonstrated that the salience of a particular group membership (as a Non‐Aboriginal Australian) did significantly impact on Neuroticism. Such findings suggest that social identity processes may offer a hitherto neglected avenue for helping to explain personality (dis)continuity. Implications of these findings for both fields are discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
Silja Vocks Martin Busch Dietrich Grönemeyer Dietmar Schulte Stephan Herpertz Boris Suchan 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(3):422-429
The extrastriate body area (EBA) and the fusiform body area (FBA) are selectively activated by viewing human bodies. However,
the role of these functionally defined brain areas in self-other discrimination is still unresolved. Thirty-one females were
presented with 16 pictures of their own body and another body in a bikini and with scrambled images while fMRI was performed.
Moreover, standardized stimulus material was used in order to localize the EBA and FBA. Region-of-interest analysis showed
an enhanced BOLD response to the self-images relative to the non-self-images in the right EBA and FBA. The right EBA and FBA
are activated differently by viewing oneself and others and might thus play a role in visual self-other discrimination. 相似文献