Book reviews

F ordham , M ichael . Analyst-Patient Interaction: Collected Papers on Technique
E dinger , E dward G. The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C. G. Jung's 'Aion'
S edgwick , D avid The Wounded Healer: Countertransference from a Jungian Perspective
S horter , B ani . Susceptible to the Sacred: The Psychological Experience of Ritual
Mc lynn , F rank . Carl Gustav Jung
S ymington , J oan & S ymington , N eville . The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred Bion
H azell , J eremy . H. J. S. Guntrip: a Psychoanalytical Biography
M ace , C hris (ed). The Art and Science of Assessment in Psychotherapy
G ray , R ichard M. Archetypal Explorations: An Integrative Approach to Human Behavior     

Book reviews

S tein , M urray , Practicing Wholeness
S piegelman , J. M arvin . Psychotherapy as a Mutual Process.
S hearer , A nn . Athene: Image and Energy.
C olman , A rthur D. Up from Scapegoating: Awakening Consciousness in Groups.
K ahr , B rett . D. W. Winnciott: A Biographical Portrait.
S iegel , A llen M. Heinz Kohut and the Psychology of the Self.
S tewart , H arold , with chapters by E lder , A ndrew , & G osling , R obert . Michael Balint: Object Relations Pure and Applied.
A dams , M ichael V annoy . The Multicultural Imagination: 'Race', Color and the Unconscious.     

Reducing the Effects of Gender Stereotypes on Performance Evaluations

The purpose of this research was to extend previous work on gender bias in performance evaluation. Specifically, we examined whether a structured free recall intervention could decrease the influence of traditional gender-stereotypes on the performance evaluations of women. Two hundred and forty-seven college students provided performance ratings for vignettes that described the performance of male or female college professors. Results indicated that without the intervention, raters who have traditional stereotypes evaluated women less accurately and more negatively. Conversely, the structured free recall intervention successfully eliminated these effects. The usefulness of the structured free recall intervention as a tool for decreasing the influence of gender stereotypes on performance ratings is discussed.     

Dispositional resistance to change: measurement equivalence and the link to personal values across 17 nations

The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations.     

Examining the dynamics of the implicit and the explicit self-concept in social anxiety: changes in the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory following treatment

In this study, we analyzed changes in the strength of self-anxiety associations--as measured by the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety (IAT-Anxiety; Egloff & Schmukle, 2002) and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989)--following treatment of social anxiety. We assessed socially anxious participants (N = 24) prior to and following a group-based treatment; and we assessed healthy controls (N = 24) at matched time points. Results showed (a) higher implicit and explicit anxiety in socially anxious participants (as compared to controls) prior to treatment and (b) reductions in IAT-Anxiety and SPAI scores of socially anxious participants following treatment. We discuss implications of these results for clinical applications of the IAT.     

"My Group Is Not Worthy of Me": Narcissism and Ethnocentrism

Ethnocentrism can be seen as an expression of narcissism at the group level. However, the relationship between ethnocentrism and narcissism has rarely been studied, and there is little agreement about what this relationship might be. Both have also been treated as simple, unidimensional constructs, whereas research indicates they are better viewed as complex and multidimensional. New research using multidimensional measures of both constructs was therefore conducted in a sample of 264 undergraduates. Narcissism, primarily its covert form, related positively to intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism, but negatively to intragroup expressions. In addition, both intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism and covert narcissism were related to disliking others. The findings suggest that intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism are based on personal self-aggrandizement, whereas intragroup expressions are based on personal self-transcendence. In addition, they suggest that narcissistic people have generally selfish and exploitative attitudes, even towards their own groups. They also emphasize the importance of investigating both ethnocentrism and narcissism as complex multidimensional constructs.