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131.
Previous research has demonstrated that performance information (e.g., prior supervisor ratings) can bias behavioral ratings. However, research has not fully explored the effects of performance cues on raters' memory. In addition, no studies have attempted to eliminate this performance cue effect. This study addressed these deficiencies by collecting both free recall and recognition memory measures while testing an unstructured free recall intervention. Results indicate that performance cues do affect the recall of performance relevant behaviors from memory. Contrary to expectations, free recall did not prove to be an effective intervention. Implications of these findings for future attempts to remove the performance cue effect are discussed. 相似文献
132.
Studies in East European Thought - 相似文献
133.
Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) has been conceptualized and measured as a unidimensional personality construct comprising the covariation of the three traits of authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism. However, new approaches have criticized this conceptualization and instead viewed these three “traits” as three distinct, though related, social attitude dimensions. Here we extend this approach providing clear definitions of these three dimensions as ideological attitude constructs of Authoritarianism, Conservatism, and Traditionalism. These dimensions are seen as attitudinal expressions of basic social values or motivational goals that represent different, though related, strategies for attaining collective security at the expense of individual autonomy. We report data from five samples and three different countries showing that these three dimensions could be reliably measured and were factorially distinct. The three dimensions also differentially predicted interpersonal behaviour, social policy support, and political party support. It is argued that conceptualizing and measuring RWA as a set of three related ideological attitude dimensions may better explain complex sociopolitical phenomena than the currently dominant unidimensional personality based model. 相似文献
134.
Erika E. Forbes Thomas M. Olino Neal D. Ryan Boris Birmaher David Axelson Donna L. Moyles Ronald E. Dahl 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):107-118
The present study provides preliminary evidence that pretreatment reward-related brain function in the striatum and medial
prefrontal cortex (PFC) could have relevance for predicting both final level and rate of change of clinical characteristics
in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Adolescents with depression underwent a functional MRI scan during a monetary
reward task, participated in an 8-week open trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT plus selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor, and completed reports of anxiety and depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. Clinicians rated
adolescents’ improvement and severity at the same time points. Growth models were used to examine change in clinical characteristics
and its association with brain function. Severity, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms decreased over treatment. Final
levels of severity and anxiety symptoms were associated with pretreatment striatal reactivity, and rate of anxiety symptom
reduction was associated with greater striatal reactivity and lower medial PFC reactivity. 相似文献
135.
Eva R. Kimonis Paul J. Frick Neil W. Boris Anna T. Smyke Amy H. Cornell Jamie M. Farrell Charles H. Zeanah 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(6):741-752
A behaviorally-uninhibited temperament, callous-unemotional (CU) features, and harsh parenting have been associated with specific patterns of aggressive behavior in older children and adolescents. We tested the additive and interactive effects of these factors in predicting different types of aggressive behavior in a high-risk preschool sample. Forty-nine preschoolers and their parents registering for Head Start programs were recruited for participation. Behavioral inhibition, CU features, and attitudes toward various types of parenting were assessed through parent rating scales completed at the time of registration. Behavioral inhibition, CU features, and aggression were assessed by teacher ratings approximately six months later. Analyses revealed that behavioral inhibition, CU features, and harsh parental attitudes all contributed independently to the prediction of aggressive behavior. These associations were strongest for proactive types of aggression. Our results suggest that a behaviorally uninhibited temperament, CU features, and attitudes favoring harsh parenting are all important for understanding the development of aggression in preschool children. 相似文献
136.
137.
Kendra L. Read Cara A. Settipani Jeremy Peterman Philip C. Kendall Scott Compton John Piacentini James McCracken Lindsey Bergman John Walkup Dara Sakolsky Boris Birmaher Anne Marie Albano Moira Rynn Golda Ginsburg Courtney Keeton Elizabeth Gosch Cynthia Suveg Joel Sherrill John March 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2015,37(1):100-111
138.
Nina Zupančič Antun Palanović Mitja Ružojčić Eva Boštjančič Boris Popov Dragana Jelić Zvonimir Galić 《International journal of psychology》2024,59(2):288-302
Several studies show the importance of basic psychological needs (BPN) for decreasing burnout and increasing grade point average (GPA), but, to our knowledge, no prior study has explored the potential contextual differences in Southeastern European countries. Moreover, even less is known about how this relationship may differ during stressful (exam) and less stressful (beginning of the semester) periods. Measures of the Maslach Burnout Inventory—Student Survey and BPN Satisfaction and Frustration Scale were translated and adapted. The study included a cross-sectional sample of students from Croatia, Serbia and Slovenia during beginning of the semester and exam period. Across all countries and both contexts, students with high autonomy need satisfaction showed the strongest decrease in burnout, followed by those with high competence need satisfaction. Students with high academic achievement showed an increase due to competence need satisfaction. Competence and autonomy need satisfaction were higher beginning of a semester, while burnout was higher during the exam period. BPN play an important role in educational settings—satisfaction of the need for autonomy and competence protects students from burnout, and the need for competence predicts greater academic achievement regardless of culture or time of the semester. 相似文献
139.
Lang S Yu T Markl A Müller F Kotchoubey B 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):386-395
The human voice is one of the principal conveyers of social and affective communication. Recent neuroimaging studies have
suggested that observing pain in others activates neural representations similar to those from the first-hand experience of
pain; however, studies on pain expressions in the auditory channel are lacking. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance
imaging study to examine brain responses to emotional exclamations of others’ pain. The control condition comprised positive
(e.g., laughing) or negative (e.g., snoring) stimuli of the human voice that were not associated with pain and suffering.
Compared to these control stimuli, pain-related exclamations elicited increased activation in the superior and middle temporal
gyri, left insula, secondary somatosensory cortices, thalamus, and right cerebellum, as well as deactivation in the anterior
cingulate cortex. The left anterior insular and thalamic activations correlated significantly with the Empathic Concern subscale
of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Thus, the brain regions involved in hearing others’ pain are similar to those activated
in the empathic processing of visual stimuli. Additionally, the findings emphasise the modulating role of interindividual
differences in affective empathy. 相似文献
140.
Silk JS Forbes EE Whalen DJ Jakubcak JL Thompson WK Ryan ND Axelson DA Birmaher B Dahl RE 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,110(2):241-257
This study used a new cell phone ecological momentary assessment approach to investigate daily emotional dynamics in 47 youths with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 32 no-psychopathology controls (CON) (ages 7-17 years). Information about emotional experience in the natural environment was obtained using answer-only cell phones, while MDD youths received an 8-week course of cognitive behavioral therapy and/or psychopharmacological treatment. Compared with CON youths, MDD youths reported more intense and labile global negative affect; greater sadness, anger, and nervousness; and a lower ratio of positive to negative affect. These differences increased with pubertal maturation. MDD youths spent more time alone and less time with their families than CON youths. Although differences in emotional experiences were found across social contexts, MDD youths were more negative than CON youths in all contexts examined. As the MDD participants progressed through treatment, diagnostic group differences in the intensity and lability of negative affect decreased, but there were no changes in the ratio of positive to negative affect or in measures of social context. We discuss methodological innovations and advantages of this approach, including improved ecological validity and access to information about variability in emotions, change in emotions over time, the balance of positive and negative emotions, and the social context of emotional experience. 相似文献