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191.
The need to control for writing or typing speed when assessing divergent-thinking performance has been recognized since the early ‘90s. An even longer tradition in divergent-thinking research has the issue of scoring the responses for quality. This research addressed both issues within structural equation modeling. Three dimensions of originality—uncommonness, remoteness, and cleverness—were used to derive an overall quality score. Mixed evidence was found in Study 1 for the direct effect of typing speed on fluency. In addition, indirect effects of typing speed via cognitive complexity on overall quality of ideas were uncovered but marginal in both Study 1 and Study 2. This indirect effect was also found for cleverness in Study 2. Another indirect effects of typing speed via fluency was found for cleverness and uncommonness. These findings indicate that controlling for typing speed is important in online divergent-thinking assessment. The inter-relations of various quality scores pertaining to the dimensions of uncommonness, remoteness, and cleverness were promising in terms of convergent validity. Important problems with respect to these scores were identified and discussed to guide future attempts to measure quality in DT. 相似文献
192.
Boris Kotchoubey Jochen Kaiser Vladimir Bostanov Werner Lutzenberger Niels Birbaumer 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(2):153-167
A passive oddball experiment was used in which stimuli were emotional exclamations differing in their affective tone. In both
electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG), deviants elicited an N300 component, sometimes accompanied
by a slow wave. Both components had a symmetrical distribution, but the former was more posterior than the latter. The same
responses to prosodic stimuli were significant in 6 of 27 patients with severe disorders of consciousness (persistent vegetative
state and minimally conscious state) and in all 3 of the examined locked-in patients, indicating that the procedure can be
applied for testing neurological patients. The occurrence of significant responses depended on the presence or absence of
a lesion to the right temporal lobe. Obviously, the N300 depends on the activity of the right temporal cortex but does not
originate there. We suggest that the component is related not to the recognition of affective prosody as such, but to the
following detection of affective mismatch due to violations of emotional context of stimulation. 相似文献
193.
W. Burleson Daviss Rasim S. Diler Boris Birmaher 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(6):857-871
Depression is a common, potentially devastating comorbidity in youth with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders (ADHD).
Various environmental adversities are well-described as correlates of depression in general pediatric populations, but not
in youth with ADHD. In 104 adolescents with ADHD, we examined potential environmental correlates of lifetime depression, including
trauma exposure, recent negative life events and current parent-child conflict, along with current and past ADHD severity
and current impairment. Controlling for demographic variables, comorbid disorders, and ADHD severity, we noted significant
associations between lifetime depression and environmental adversities, including victimization trauma, parent-child conflict,
and behaviorally-independent negative life events. Current impairment but not ADHD severity was also highly associated with
lifetime depression, controlling for the same covariates. Findings from this preliminary, cross-sectional study suggest that
environmental adversities and impairment in youth with ADHD should also be targeted along with the ADHD when contemplating
strategies to treat or prevent comorbid depression. 相似文献
194.
I consider the main problem areas within theacademic project ``The 1990s: The Semantics ofRussian Culture,' undertaken by researchers,recent graduates, and the first post-graduatesof the Moscow Institute for European Cultures.The areas include new figures on the publicscene; new forms of communication; newinstitutions; current processes in culture andsociety. I examine the social and historicalframework of the formation of culture studiesas an academic discipline in contemporaryRussia, the alternative perspectives and tasksof the sociology of culture in Russian today. 相似文献
195.
The purpose of this research was to extend previous work on gender bias in performance evaluation. Specifically, we examined whether a structured free recall intervention could decrease the influence of traditional gender-stereotypes on the performance evaluations of women. Two hundred and forty-seven college students provided performance ratings for vignettes that described the performance of male or female college professors. Results indicated that without the intervention, raters who have traditional stereotypes evaluated women less accurately and more negatively. Conversely, the structured free recall intervention successfully eliminated these effects. The usefulness of the structured free recall intervention as a tool for decreasing the influence of gender stereotypes on performance ratings is discussed. 相似文献
196.
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198.
Ethnocentrism can be seen as an expression of narcissism at the group level. However, the relationship between ethnocentrism and narcissism has rarely been studied, and there is little agreement about what this relationship might be. Both have also been treated as simple, unidimensional constructs, whereas research indicates they are better viewed as complex and multidimensional. New research using multidimensional measures of both constructs was therefore conducted in a sample of 264 undergraduates. Narcissism, primarily its covert form, related positively to intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism, but negatively to intragroup expressions. In addition, both intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism and covert narcissism were related to disliking others. The findings suggest that intergroup expressions of ethnocentrism are based on personal self-aggrandizement, whereas intragroup expressions are based on personal self-transcendence. In addition, they suggest that narcissistic people have generally selfish and exploitative attitudes, even towards their own groups. They also emphasize the importance of investigating both ethnocentrism and narcissism as complex multidimensional constructs. 相似文献
199.
Oreg S Bayazit M Vakola M Arciniega L Armenakis A Barkauskiene R Bozionelos N Fujimoto Y González L Han J Hrebícková M Jimmieson N Kordacová J Mitsuhashi H Mlacic B Feric I Topic MK Ohly S Saksvik PO Hetland H Saksvik I van Dam K 《The Journal of applied psychology》2008,93(4):935-944
The concept of dispositional resistance to change has been introduced in a series of exploratory and confirmatory analyses through which the validity of the Resistance to Change (RTC) Scale has been established (S. Oreg, 2003). However, the vast majority of participants with whom the scale was validated were from the United States. The purpose of the present work was to examine the meaningfulness of the construct and the validity of the scale across nations. Measurement equivalence analyses of data from 17 countries, representing 13 languages and 4 continents, confirmed the cross-national validity of the scale. Equivalent patterns of relationships between personal values and RTC across samples extend the nomological net of the construct and provide further evidence that dispositional resistance to change holds equivalent meanings across nations. 相似文献
200.
Gamer J Schmukle SC Luka-Krausgrill U Egloff B 《Journal of personality assessment》2008,90(5):476-480
In this study, we analyzed changes in the strength of self-anxiety associations--as measured by the Implicit Association Test-Anxiety (IAT-Anxiety; Egloff & Schmukle, 2002) and the Social Phobia Anxiety Inventory (SPAI; Turner, Beidel, Dancu, & Stanley, 1989)--following treatment of social anxiety. We assessed socially anxious participants (N = 24) prior to and following a group-based treatment; and we assessed healthy controls (N = 24) at matched time points. Results showed (a) higher implicit and explicit anxiety in socially anxious participants (as compared to controls) prior to treatment and (b) reductions in IAT-Anxiety and SPAI scores of socially anxious participants following treatment. We discuss implications of these results for clinical applications of the IAT. 相似文献