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141.
Kendra L. Read Cara A. Settipani Jeremy Peterman Philip C. Kendall Scott Compton John Piacentini James McCracken Lindsey Bergman John Walkup Dara Sakolsky Boris Birmaher Anne Marie Albano Moira Rynn Golda Ginsburg Courtney Keeton Elizabeth Gosch Cynthia Suveg Joel Sherrill John March 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2015,37(1):100-111
142.
Boris M. Velichkovsky 《Memory (Hove, England)》2013,21(5-6):405-419
To celebrate the levels-of-processing approach, I describe a multilevel evolutionary architecture for human behaviour and cognition. New experimental data on human eye movements are presented that demonstrate a possibility of splitting visual perceptual activity at least on two hierarchical but closely interrelated levels of processing. Furthermore, data from behavioural studies of human memory and neuroimaging testify that within the domain of cognition proper two higher levels can be differentiated. I call them “conceptual structures” and “metacognitive coordinations” and provide evidence that the latter may residue in the phylogenetically new structures of prefrontal and particularly right prefrontal cortices. From this point of few, the most natural framework for an analysis of the levels-of-processing effects on human memory is to consider them as interactions within the main gradients of evolution and development of the corresponding neurophysiological mechanisms. Finally, several new, still unanswered questions for the future research are formulated. 相似文献
143.
Silk JS Forbes EE Whalen DJ Jakubcak JL Thompson WK Ryan ND Axelson DA Birmaher B Dahl RE 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,110(2):241-257
This study used a new cell phone ecological momentary assessment approach to investigate daily emotional dynamics in 47 youths with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 32 no-psychopathology controls (CON) (ages 7-17 years). Information about emotional experience in the natural environment was obtained using answer-only cell phones, while MDD youths received an 8-week course of cognitive behavioral therapy and/or psychopharmacological treatment. Compared with CON youths, MDD youths reported more intense and labile global negative affect; greater sadness, anger, and nervousness; and a lower ratio of positive to negative affect. These differences increased with pubertal maturation. MDD youths spent more time alone and less time with their families than CON youths. Although differences in emotional experiences were found across social contexts, MDD youths were more negative than CON youths in all contexts examined. As the MDD participants progressed through treatment, diagnostic group differences in the intensity and lability of negative affect decreased, but there were no changes in the ratio of positive to negative affect or in measures of social context. We discuss methodological innovations and advantages of this approach, including improved ecological validity and access to information about variability in emotions, change in emotions over time, the balance of positive and negative emotions, and the social context of emotional experience. 相似文献
144.
Lang S Yu T Markl A Müller F Kotchoubey B 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2011,11(3):386-395
The human voice is one of the principal conveyers of social and affective communication. Recent neuroimaging studies have
suggested that observing pain in others activates neural representations similar to those from the first-hand experience of
pain; however, studies on pain expressions in the auditory channel are lacking. We conducted a functional magnetic resonance
imaging study to examine brain responses to emotional exclamations of others’ pain. The control condition comprised positive
(e.g., laughing) or negative (e.g., snoring) stimuli of the human voice that were not associated with pain and suffering.
Compared to these control stimuli, pain-related exclamations elicited increased activation in the superior and middle temporal
gyri, left insula, secondary somatosensory cortices, thalamus, and right cerebellum, as well as deactivation in the anterior
cingulate cortex. The left anterior insular and thalamic activations correlated significantly with the Empathic Concern subscale
of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Thus, the brain regions involved in hearing others’ pain are similar to those activated
in the empathic processing of visual stimuli. Additionally, the findings emphasise the modulating role of interindividual
differences in affective empathy. 相似文献
145.
Erika E. Forbes Thomas M. Olino Neal D. Ryan Boris Birmaher David Axelson Donna L. Moyles Ronald E. Dahl 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2010,10(1):107-118
The present study provides preliminary evidence that pretreatment reward-related brain function in the striatum and medial
prefrontal cortex (PFC) could have relevance for predicting both final level and rate of change of clinical characteristics
in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Adolescents with depression underwent a functional MRI scan during a monetary
reward task, participated in an 8-week open trial of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or CBT plus selective serotonin reuptake
inhibitor, and completed reports of anxiety and depressive symptoms before, during, and after treatment. Clinicians rated
adolescents’ improvement and severity at the same time points. Growth models were used to examine change in clinical characteristics
and its association with brain function. Severity, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms decreased over treatment. Final
levels of severity and anxiety symptoms were associated with pretreatment striatal reactivity, and rate of anxiety symptom
reduction was associated with greater striatal reactivity and lower medial PFC reactivity. 相似文献
146.
Right‐Wing Authoritarianism (RWA) has been conceptualized and measured as a unidimensional personality construct comprising the covariation of the three traits of authoritarian submission, authoritarian aggression, and conventionalism. However, new approaches have criticized this conceptualization and instead viewed these three “traits” as three distinct, though related, social attitude dimensions. Here we extend this approach providing clear definitions of these three dimensions as ideological attitude constructs of Authoritarianism, Conservatism, and Traditionalism. These dimensions are seen as attitudinal expressions of basic social values or motivational goals that represent different, though related, strategies for attaining collective security at the expense of individual autonomy. We report data from five samples and three different countries showing that these three dimensions could be reliably measured and were factorially distinct. The three dimensions also differentially predicted interpersonal behaviour, social policy support, and political party support. It is argued that conceptualizing and measuring RWA as a set of three related ideological attitude dimensions may better explain complex sociopolitical phenomena than the currently dominant unidimensional personality based model. 相似文献
147.
Eva R. Kimonis Paul J. Frick Neil W. Boris Anna T. Smyke Amy H. Cornell Jamie M. Farrell Charles H. Zeanah 《Journal of child and family studies》2006,15(6):741-752
A behaviorally-uninhibited temperament, callous-unemotional (CU) features, and harsh parenting have been associated with specific patterns of aggressive behavior in older children and adolescents. We tested the additive and interactive effects of these factors in predicting different types of aggressive behavior in a high-risk preschool sample. Forty-nine preschoolers and their parents registering for Head Start programs were recruited for participation. Behavioral inhibition, CU features, and attitudes toward various types of parenting were assessed through parent rating scales completed at the time of registration. Behavioral inhibition, CU features, and aggression were assessed by teacher ratings approximately six months later. Analyses revealed that behavioral inhibition, CU features, and harsh parental attitudes all contributed independently to the prediction of aggressive behavior. These associations were strongest for proactive types of aggression. Our results suggest that a behaviorally uninhibited temperament, CU features, and attitudes favoring harsh parenting are all important for understanding the development of aggression in preschool children. 相似文献
148.
Boris Kment 《Philosophical Issues》2017,27(1):114-130
149.
Facets of dynamic positive affect: differentiating joy, interest, and activation in the positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Egloff B Schmukle SC Burns LR Kohlmann CW Hock M 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2003,85(3):528-540
This article proposes the differentiation of Joy, Interest, and Activation in the Positive Affect (PA) scale of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS; D. Watson, L. A. Clark, & A. Tellegen, 1988). Study 1 analyzed the dynamic course of PA before, during, and after an exam and established the differentiation of the three facets. Study 2 used a multistate-multitrait analysis to confirm this structure. Studies 3-5 used success-failure experiences, speaking tasks, and feedback of exam results to further examine PA facets in affect-arousing settings. All studies provide convincing evidence for the benefit of differentiating three facets of PA in the PANAS: Joy, Interest, and Activation do have distinct and sometimes even opposite courses that make their separation meaningful and rewarding. 相似文献
150.
Boris Forthmann Oluwatosin Oyebade Adebusola Ojo Fritz Günther Heinz Holling 《创造性行为杂志》2019,53(4):559-575
Scoring divergent‐thinking response sets has always been challenging because such responses are not only open‐ended in terms of number of ideas, but each idea may also be expressed by a varying number of concepts and, thus, by a varying number of words (elaboration). While many current studies have attempted to score the semantic distance in divergent‐thinking responses by applying latent semantic analysis (LSA), it is known from other areas of research that LSA‐based approaches are biased according to the number of words in a response. Thus, the current article aimed to identify and demonstrate this elaboration bias in LSA‐based divergent‐thinking scores by means of a simulation. In addition, we show that this elaboration bias can be reduced by removing the stop words (for example, and, or, for and so forth) prior to analysis. Furthermore, the residual bias after stop word removal can be reduced by simulation‐based corrections. Finally, we give an empirical illustration for alternate uses and consequences tasks. Results suggest that when both stop word removal and simulation‐based bias correction are applied, convergent validity should be expected to be highest. 相似文献