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171.
The equal odds baseline is a parsimonious model that describes the relationship between quantity and quality of output in scientific creativity. Specifically, it is posited that quality is a linear function of quantity, and therefore, strong positive correlations between these two variables are expected. Strong positive correlations also play a crucial role in a recurring issue in divergent thinking research: the fluency contamination effect. This effect refers to the problem that any other summative scoring of divergent thinking tests such as the number of original responses (i.e., quality of responses) is confounded by fluency (i.e., quantity of responses). The current work sheds further light into the conceptual overlap between the equal odds baseline, and the fluency contamination effect by demonstrating that a recent formalization of the fluency contamination effect can be used to derive the equal odds baseline. This result is then utilized within a structural equation modeling approach with simulated datasets to thoroughly examine the equal odds baseline. The findings of the structural equation modeling approach are discussed with respect to their potential to better understand the relationship between quantity and quality of productions in creativity research. 相似文献
172.
Rosalux Falquez Simone Lang Ramona Dinu-Biringer Frauke Nees Elisabeth Arens Boris Kotchoubey 《Cognition & emotion》2016,30(2):225-244
Although several studies have examined inhibition of affective stimuli, valence-dependent cognitive control effects remain poorly understood. Behavioural and functional imaging (functional magnetic resonance imaging) data were collected from 17 healthy participants to examine neural correlates of the Negative Affective Priming (NAP) task. We created relative ratio scores considering the reaction times of prime trials in order to assess the amount of interference after the presentation of negative and positive distracter words. Behavioural results showed an attenuated NAP effect for negative distracters compared to neutral stimuli. Furthermore, priming negative distracters generated more interference by reacting to the probe target than positive distracters. Neuroimaging data revealed a stronger prefrontal activation during negative NAP trials compared to positive NAP and neutral control trials, which was reflected in a heightened activation of superior and middle frontal gyrus as well as parietal cortex. The findings show the impact of negative distracters on prefrontal response, contributing to the understanding of NAP effects in healthy subjects. 相似文献
173.
Emily M. Becker Amanda Jensen-Doss Philip C. Kendall Boris Birmaher Golda S. Ginsburg 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2016,38(4):528-537
Research has examined patterns and correlates of parent/youth informant discrepancies in the reporting of youth anxiety. However, little work has examined whether it is better to conceptualize patterns and correlates of informant disagreement across anxiety broadly, or more useful to consider disagreement on specific symptom clusters. Using data from the Child Adolescent/Anxiety Multimodal Study (CAMS; N?=?488; Walkup et al. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359(26), 2753-2766. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0804633, 2008), the current study applied the most recent recommended analytic strategies to study informant discrepancies and examined differences in the magnitude and patterns of disagreement for: (a) broadband anxiety symptoms, versus (b) symptoms of specific anxiety diagnoses (or anxiety subtypes; e.g., separation, social anxiety). Correlates of informant discrepancies were also examined. Results indicated that there was variability in agreement across anxiety subtypes, with parent/youth agreement higher on separation anxiety and school refusal symptoms relative to other domains. Parental psychopathology was associated with disagreement on broadband anxiety symptoms, such that parental psychopathology was highest when parents reported higher symptoms than their children; however, this finding was largely driven by a relationship between parental psychopathology and disagreement on separation anxiety symptoms. Age was associated with disagreement on total and separation anxiety symptoms. Gender was not associated with disagreement. Clinical implications are discussed. 相似文献
174.
175.
John J. Furedy Ph.D. Boris Damke Wolfram Boucsein 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2000,35(1):17-34
Numerous studies have indicated that, consistent with current “cognitive” accounts of information processing, human Pavlovian
autonomic discrimination acquisition cannot occur without awareness of the CS-US relationship. However, extinction studies
have suggested that awareness is not necessary, findings that, in information-processing terms, have been explained by assuming
that the processing by the extinction stage is parallel (automatic) rather than serial (controlled). This explanation was
tested in an 80-subject study. The first, acquisition phase was a standard semantic differential conditioning arrangement
with a 96-db white noise as US, and a “long” CS-US interval of 8 s, with ten trials each of CS+ (paired with US) and CS− (unpaired)
trials. In extinction (USs omitted), in order to obtain non-autonomic indices of processing and thereby test the information-processing
account of “unaware” autonomic conditioning during extinction, a dichotic listening task was implemented, with the CSs presented
in the unattended channel (ear), while the subject had to perform a semantic differential reaction task in an attended-to
channel (other ear). In early extinction, the electrodermal response occurring at an interval of 9–15 s after CS onset (i.e.,
following placement of the US during acquisition) and the finger-pulse-volume response occurring at an interval of 4–11 s
after CS onset both showed reliable conditioning, but reaction-time and subjective-report data for the recognized critical
words indicated serial rather than parallel processing of the CSs during extinction. 相似文献
176.
177.
R. H. Day William R. Webster Owen Gillies Boris Crassini 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1992,51(1):57-65
The McCollough effect was shown to be spatial-frequency selective by Lovegrove and Over (1972) after adaptation with vertical colored square-wave gratings separated by 1 octave. Adaptation with slide-presented red and green vertical square-wave gratings separated by 1 octave failed to produce contingent color aftereffects (CAEs).However, when each of these gratings was adapted alone, strong CAEs were produced. Adaptation with vertical colored sine-wave gratings separated by 1 octave also failed to produce CAEs, but strong effects were produced by adaptation with each grating alone. By varying the spatial frequency of the test sine wave, CAEs were found to be tuned for spatial frequency at 2.85 octaves after adaptation of 4 cycles per degree (cpd) and at 2.30 octaves after adaptation of 8 cpd. Adaptation of both vertical and horizontal sine-wave gratings produced strong CAEs, with bandwidths ranging from 1.96 to 2.90 octaves and with lower adapting contrast producing weaker CAEs. These results indicate that the McCollough effect is more broadly tuned for spatial frequency than are simple adaptation effects. 相似文献
178.
S tein , M urray , Practicing Wholeness
S piegelman , J. M arvin . Psychotherapy as a Mutual Process.
S hearer , A nn . Athene: Image and Energy.
C olman , A rthur D. Up from Scapegoating: Awakening Consciousness in Groups.
K ahr , B rett . D. W. Winnciott: A Biographical Portrait.
S iegel , A llen M. Heinz Kohut and the Psychology of the Self.
S tewart , H arold , with chapters by E lder , A ndrew , & G osling , R obert . Michael Balint: Object Relations Pure and Applied.
A dams , M ichael V annoy . The Multicultural Imagination: 'Race', Color and the Unconscious. 相似文献
S piegelman , J. M arvin . Psychotherapy as a Mutual Process.
S hearer , A nn . Athene: Image and Energy.
C olman , A rthur D. Up from Scapegoating: Awakening Consciousness in Groups.
K ahr , B rett . D. W. Winnciott: A Biographical Portrait.
S iegel , A llen M. Heinz Kohut and the Psychology of the Self.
S tewart , H arold , with chapters by E lder , A ndrew , & G osling , R obert . Michael Balint: Object Relations Pure and Applied.
A dams , M ichael V annoy . The Multicultural Imagination: 'Race', Color and the Unconscious. 相似文献
179.
F ordham , M ichael . Analyst-Patient Interaction: Collected Papers on Technique
E dinger , E dward G. The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C. G. Jung's 'Aion'
S edgwick , D avid The Wounded Healer: Countertransference from a Jungian Perspective
S horter , B ani . Susceptible to the Sacred: The Psychological Experience of Ritual
Mc lynn , F rank . Carl Gustav Jung
S ymington , J oan & S ymington , N eville . The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred Bion
H azell , J eremy . H. J. S. Guntrip: a Psychoanalytical Biography
M ace , C hris (ed). The Art and Science of Assessment in Psychotherapy
G ray , R ichard M. Archetypal Explorations: An Integrative Approach to Human Behavior 相似文献
E dinger , E dward G. The Aion Lectures: Exploring the Self in C. G. Jung's 'Aion'
S edgwick , D avid The Wounded Healer: Countertransference from a Jungian Perspective
S horter , B ani . Susceptible to the Sacred: The Psychological Experience of Ritual
Mc lynn , F rank . Carl Gustav Jung
S ymington , J oan & S ymington , N eville . The Clinical Thinking of Wilfred Bion
H azell , J eremy . H. J. S. Guntrip: a Psychoanalytical Biography
M ace , C hris (ed). The Art and Science of Assessment in Psychotherapy
G ray , R ichard M. Archetypal Explorations: An Integrative Approach to Human Behavior 相似文献
180.
O. L. Zangwill D. J. Bruce Boris Semeonoff D. R. J. Laming Mark P. Haggard R. C. Oldfield M. Treisman S. M. Anstis A. T. Welford M. H. Sheldon D. P. Farrington 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1968,20(3):312-319
Freud and his Early Circle: The Struggles of Psycho-Analysis. By Vincent Brome. London: W. Heinemann Ltd. 1967. Pp. xii+275. 63s.
Fundamentals of Measurement (Second Edition). By N. M. Downie. New York: Oxford University Press. 1967. Pp. xiii + 482. 52s.
Psychological Measurement and Prediction. By Paul Horst. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. London: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Pp. vii + 455. 72s.
Attention and Performance. Edited by A. F. Sanders. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1967. Pp. xii + 452. £6.
Sensory Inhibition. By Georg von Bekesy. London: Oxford University Press; Princeton University Press. 1968. Pp. x + 1265. £4 Is.
Ellements of Psychophysics, Volume I. By Gustav Fechner. Transhlated by Helmut E. Adler. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. 1966. Pp. xxxi + 286. 56s.
Human Information Processing. By Lawrence J. Fogel. London: Prentice-Hall. 1968. Pp. Ix + 420. 70s.
Vision and the Eye. By M. H. Pirenne. 2nd Edition. London: Chapman & Hall; New York: Barnes & Noble. 1967. Pp. xvi + 224. Hardback 50s. Paperback 25s.
The Human Operator in Complex Systems. Edited by W. T. Singleton, R. S. Easterby and D. Whitfield. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Pp. xx + 198. 57s. 6d. Also published as Vol. Io, No. 2, of the Journal Ergonomics.
Behavior. An Introduction to Comparative Psychology. By John B. Watson. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1967. Pp. xxi + 439. $dollar;7.95.
The Psychology of Communication. By George A. Miller. London: Allen Lane the Penguin Press. 1968. Pp. vii + 197. 35s. 相似文献
Fundamentals of Measurement (Second Edition). By N. M. Downie. New York: Oxford University Press. 1967. Pp. xiii + 482. 52s.
Psychological Measurement and Prediction. By Paul Horst. Belmont, California: Wadsworth. London: Prentice-Hall, 1967. Pp. vii + 455. 72s.
Attention and Performance. Edited by A. F. Sanders. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co. 1967. Pp. xii + 452. £6.
Sensory Inhibition. By Georg von Bekesy. London: Oxford University Press; Princeton University Press. 1968. Pp. x + 1265. £4 Is.
Ellements of Psychophysics, Volume I. By Gustav Fechner. Transhlated by Helmut E. Adler. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston Inc. 1966. Pp. xxxi + 286. 56s.
Human Information Processing. By Lawrence J. Fogel. London: Prentice-Hall. 1968. Pp. Ix + 420. 70s.
Vision and the Eye. By M. H. Pirenne. 2nd Edition. London: Chapman & Hall; New York: Barnes & Noble. 1967. Pp. xvi + 224. Hardback 50s. Paperback 25s.
The Human Operator in Complex Systems. Edited by W. T. Singleton, R. S. Easterby and D. Whitfield. London: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Pp. xx + 198. 57s. 6d. Also published as Vol. Io, No. 2, of the Journal Ergonomics.
Behavior. An Introduction to Comparative Psychology. By John B. Watson. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 1967. Pp. xxi + 439. $dollar;7.95.
The Psychology of Communication. By George A. Miller. London: Allen Lane the Penguin Press. 1968. Pp. vii + 197. 35s. 相似文献